Maven带有超过40+个Maven模板，让开发者快速开始一个新的Java项目。这一章，演示怎样使用Maven的命令“mvn archetype:generate”生成一个新的Java Web项目。 下面是使用Maven模板生成项目的步骤。 1、mvn archetype:generate命令 定位到要生成的项目的目录下，如“D:\workspace\maven-test”。在命令行窗口，执行“mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal”命令以生成一个新的项目。Maven将列出已经存在的40+Maven模板项目供我们选择。在这个例子中，选择19以创建一个简单的Java web应用程序项目模板(这里使用的是Maven 3.03版本,Maven 2可能有所不同)： 使用Maven创建项目过程1 D:\workspace\maven-test>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom >>> [INFO] [INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom <<< [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom --- [INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode [INFO] No archetype defined. Using maven-archetype-quickstart (org.apache.maven. archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0) Choose archetype: 1: internal -> appfuse-basic-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and JSF) 2: internal -> appfuse-basic-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC) 3: internal -> appfuse-basic-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2) 4: internal -> appfuse-basic-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a web application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4) 5: internal -> appfuse-core (AppFuse archetype for creating a jar application with Hibernate and Spring and XFire) 6: internal -> appfuse-modular-jsf (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and JSF) 7: internal -> appfuse-modular-spring (AppFuse archetype for creating a modularapplication with Hibernate, Spring and Spring MVC) 8: internal -> appfuse-modular-struts (AppFuse archetype for creating a modularapplication with Hibernate, Spring and Struts 2) 9: internal -> appfuse-modular-tapestry (AppFuse archetype for creating a modular application with Hibernate, Spring and Tapestry 4) 10: internal -> makumba-archetype (Archetype for a simple Makumba application)11: internal -> maven-archetype-j2ee-simple (A simple J2EE Java application) 12: internal -> maven-archetype-marmalade-mojo (A Maven plugin development project using marmalade) 13: internal -> maven-archetype-mojo (A Maven Java plugin development project) 14: internal -> maven-archetype-portlet (A simple portlet application) 15: internal -> maven-archetype-profiles () 16: internal -> maven-archetype-quickstart () 17: internal -> maven-archetype-site-simple (A simple site generation project) 18: internal -> maven-archetype-site (A more complex site project) 19: internal -> maven-archetype-webapp (A simple Java web application) 20: internal -> data-app (A new Databinder application with sources and resources.) 21: internal -> camel-archetype-component (Creates a new Camel component) 22: internal -> camel-archetype-activemq (Creates a new Camel project that configures and interacts with ActiveMQ) 23: internal -> camel-archetype-java (Creates a new Camel project using Java DSL) 24: internal -> camel-archetype-scala (Creates a new Camel project using Scala DSL) 25: internal -> camel-archetype-spring (Creates a new Camel project with added Spring DSL support) 26: internal -> camel-archetype-war (Creates a new Camel project that deploys the Camel Web Console, REST API, and your routes as a WAR) 27: internal -> jini-service-archetype (Archetype for Jini service project creation) 28: internal -> jbosscc-seam-archetype (Maven Archetype to generate a Seam Application- Documentation) 29: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam (JSF+Facelets+Seam Archetype) 30: internal -> softeu-archetype-seam-simple (JSF+Facelets+Seam (no persistence) Archetype) 31: internal -> softeu-archetype-jsf (JSF+Facelets Archetype) 32: internal -> jpa-maven-archetype (JPA application) 33: internal -> spring-osgi-bundle-archetype (Spring-OSGi archetype) 34: internal -> bamboo-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Bamboo plugin archetype) 35: internal -> confluence-plugin-archetype (Atlassian Confluence plugin archetype) 36: internal -> jira-plugin-archetype (Atlassian JIRA plugin archetype) 37: internal -> maven-archetype-har (Hibernate Archive) 38: internal -> maven-archetype-sar (JBoss Service Archive) 39: internal -> wicket-archetype-quickstart (A simple Apache Wicket project) 40: internal -> quickstart (A simple Apache Tapestry 5 Project) 41: internal -> scala-archetype-simple (A simple scala project) 42: internal -> lift-archetype-blank (A blank/empty liftweb project) 43: internal -> lift-archetype-basic (The basic (liftweb) project) 44: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block-plain (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/) 45: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-block (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/) 46: internal -> cocoon-22-archetype-webapp (http://cocoon.apache.org/2.2/maven-plugins/) 47: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld (A simple archetype using MyFaces) 48: internal -> myfaces-archetype-helloworld-facelets (A simple archetype using MyFaces and facelets) 49: internal -> myfaces-archetype-trinidad (A simple archetype using Myfaces and Trinidad) 50: internal -> myfaces-archetype-jsfcomponents (A simple archetype for create custom JSF components using MyFaces) 51: internal -> gmaven-archetype-basic (Groovy basic archetype) 52: internal -> gmaven-archetype-mojo (Groovy mojo archetype) 53: internal -> struts2-archetype-starter (Struts 2 Starter Archetype) 54: internal -> tynamo-archetype (Creates a CRUD web application based on Tapestry 5 and Tynamo, a model-driven Java web framework) 55: internal -> tellurium-junit-archetype (Tellurium JUnit project archetype for the Tellurium Automated Testing Framework) 56: internal -> tellurium-testng-archetype (Tellurium TestNG project archetype for the Tellurium Automated Testing Framework) 57: internal -> scalate-archetype-empty (Generates a Scalate empty web application) 58: internal -> scalate-archetype-guice (Generates a Scalate Jog web application) Choose a number: 16: 选择19，Maven会自动下载所需的依赖库文件，这可能会耗费一些时间。 2、项目详细信息 接下来，会让填写项目的详细信息： 填写项目详细信息 Define value for property 'groupId': : com.xuejava Define value for property 'artifactId': : com.xuejavaweb Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0 Define value for property 'package': com.xuejava: : 完整的过程如下： 项目生成过程2 …… Choose a number: 16: 19 Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar Downloaded: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.jar (4 KB at 1.7 KB/sec) Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc hetype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom Downloaded: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arch etype-webapp/1.0/maven-archetype-webapp-1.0.pom (533 B at 0.1 KB/sec) Define value for property 'groupId': : com.xuejava Define value for property 'artifactId': : com.xuejavaweb Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0 Define value for property 'package': com.xuejava: : Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.xuejava artifactId: com.xuejavaweb version: 1.0 package: com.xuejava Y: : y [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:RELEASE [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.xuejava [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.xuejava [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.xuejava [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: com.xuejavaweb [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: D:\workspace\maven-test [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0 [INFO] ********************* End of debug info from resources from generated POM *********************** [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\workspace\maven-test\com.xuejavaweb [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 1:13.922s [INFO] Finished at: Sun May 22 13:51:03 CST 2011 [INFO] Final Memory: 6M/16M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ D:\workspace\maven-test> 创建结束，会生成如下的文件和目录结构： 3、pom.xml 在Maven中，pom.xml文件是项目配置的核心，它包含构建项目所需的主要信息。在上面的示例中，自动生成了pom.xml文件，其中的标签“packaging”为“war”—注意这里不是“jar”。当使用Maven构建项目时，该项目将自动打成war包用来部署。 pom.xml <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.xuejava</groupId> <artifactId>com.xuejavaweb</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0</version> <name>com.xuejavaweb Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>com.xuejavaweb</finalName> </build> </project> 在Maven，完成所有这一切，只需要一个命令，就可以创建标准目录结构，马上开始开发工作 。
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