关键字: java excel jxl.jar
jxl.jar 包
下载地址:
http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/
真实下载地址:
http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html
网站上对它的特征有如下描述:
● 支持Excel 95-2000的所有版本
● 生成Excel 2000标准格式
● 支持字体、数字、日期操作
● 能够修饰单元格属性
● 支持图像和图表
应该说以上功能已经能够大致满足我们的需要。最关键的是这套API是纯Java的,并不依赖Windows系统,即使运行在Linux下,它同样能够正确的处理Excel文件。另外需要说明的是,这套API对图形和图表的支持很有限,而且仅仅识别PNG格式。
搭建环境
将下载后的文件解包,得到jxl.jar,放入classpath,安装就完成了。
基本操作
一、创建文件
拟生成一个名为“测试数据.xls”的Excel文件,其中第一个工作表被命名为“第一页”,大致效果如下:
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/**//*
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* Created on Dec 30, 2007
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*
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* To change the template for this generated file go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
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*/
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package JExcelTest.standard;
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import java.io.*;
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import jxl.*;
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import jxl.write.*;
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/** *//**
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* @author Ken
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*
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* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
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*/
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public class CreateXLS
{
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
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try
{
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//open file.
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WritableWorkbook book = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
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//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
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WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1", 0);
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//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
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//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
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Label label = new Label(0, 0, "test");
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//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
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sheet.addCell(label);
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//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
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//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
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jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number(1, 0, 789.123);
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//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
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sheet.addCell(number);
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//add defined all cell above to case.
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book.write();
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//close file case.
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book.close();
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} catch (Exception e)
{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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/**//*
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* Created on Dec 30, 2007
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*
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* To change the template for this generated file go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
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*/
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package JExcelTest.standard;
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import java.io.*;
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import jxl.*;
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import jxl.write.*;
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/** *//**
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* @author Ken
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*
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* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
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*/
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public class CreateXLS
{
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
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try
{
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//open file.
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WritableWorkbook book = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
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//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
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WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1", 0);
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//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
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//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
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Label label = new Label(0, 0, "test");
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//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
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sheet.addCell(label);
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//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
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//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
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jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number(1, 0, 789.123);
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//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
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sheet.addCell(number);
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//add defined all cell above to case.
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book.write();
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//close file case.
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book.close();
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} catch (Exception e)
{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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编译执行后,会在当前位置产生一个Excel文件。
二、读取文件
以刚才我们创建的Excel文件为例,做一个简单的读取操作,程序代码如下:
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/**//*
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* Created on Dec 30, 2007
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*
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* To change the template for this generated file go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
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*/
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package JExcelTest.standard;
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import java.io.*;
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import jxl.*;
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/** *//**
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* @author Ken
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*
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* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
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*/
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public class ReadXLS
{
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
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try
{
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Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
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//get a Sheet object.
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Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
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//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
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Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0, 0);
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String result = cell.getContents();
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System.out.println(result);
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book.close();
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} catch (Exception e)
{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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/**//*
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* Created on Dec 30, 2007
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*
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* To change the template for this generated file go to
5
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
6
*/
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package JExcelTest.standard;
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import java.io.*;
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import jxl.*;
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/** *//**
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* @author Ken
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*
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* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
16
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
17
*/
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public class ReadXLS
{
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
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try
{
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Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
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//get a Sheet object.
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Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
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//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
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Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0, 0);
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String result = cell.getContents();
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System.out.println(result);
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book.close();
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} catch (Exception e)
{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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程序执行结果:test
三、修改文件
利用jExcelAPI可以修改已有的Excel文件,修改Excel文件的时候,除了打开文件的方式不同之外,其他操作和创建Excel是一样的。下面的例子是在我们已经生成的Excel文件中添加一个工作表:
修改Excel的类,添加一个工作表
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/**//*
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* Created on Dec 30, 2007
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*
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* To change the template for this generated file go to
5
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
6
*/
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package JExcelTest.standard;
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import java.io.*;
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import jxl.*;
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import jxl.write.*;
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/** *//**
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* @author Ken
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*
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* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
17
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
18
*/
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public class UpdateXLS
{
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
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try
{
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//get file.
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Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
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//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.
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WritableWorkbook book =
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Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"), wb);
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//add a Sheet.
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WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2", 1);
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sheet.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "test2"));
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book.write();
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book.close();
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} catch (Exception e)
{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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/**//*
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* Created on Dec 30, 2007
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*
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* To change the template for this generated file go to
5
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
6
*/
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package JExcelTest.standard;
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import java.io.*;
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import jxl.*;
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import jxl.write.*;
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/** *//**
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* @author Ken
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*
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* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
17
* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments
18
*/
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public class UpdateXLS
{
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
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try
{
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//get file.
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Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
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//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.
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WritableWorkbook book =
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Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"), wb);
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//add a Sheet.
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WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2", 1);
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sheet.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "test2"));
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book.write();
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book.close();
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} catch (Exception e)
{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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高级操作
一、 数据格式化
在Excel中不涉及复杂的数据类型,能够比较好的处理字串、数字和日期已经能够满足一般的应用。
字串格式化
字符串的格式化涉及到的是字体、粗细、字号等元素,这些功能主要由WritableFont和WritableCellFormat类来负责。假设我们在生成一个含有字串的单元格时,使用如下语句,为方便叙述,我们为每一行命令加了编号:
WritableFont font1= new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES,16,WritableFont.BOLD);
或
//设置字体格式为excel支持的格式
WritableFont font3=new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("楷体_GB2312"),12,WritableFont.NO_BOLD );
① WritableCellFormat format1=new WritableCellFormat(font1);
② Label label=new Label(0,0,”data 4 test”,format1)
③ 其中
I.指定了字串格式:字体为TIMES,字号16,加粗显示。WritableFont有非常丰富的构造子,供不同情况下使用,jExcelAPI的java-doc中有详细列表,这里不再列出。
II.处代码使用了WritableCellFormat类,这个类非常重要,通过它可以指定单元格的各种属性,后面的单元格格式化中会有更多描述。
III.处使用了Label类的构造子,指定了字串被赋予那种格式。 在WritableCellFormat类中,还有一个很重要的方法是指定数据的对齐方式,比如针对我们上面的实例,可以指定:
//把水平对齐方式指定为居中
format1.setAlignment(jxl.format.Alignment.CENTRE);
//把垂直对齐方式指定为居中
format1.setVerticalAlignment(jxl.format.VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);
//设置自动换行
format1.setWrap(true);
二、单元格操作
Excel中很重要的一部分是对单元格的操作,比如行高、列宽、单元格合并等,所幸jExcelAPI提供了这些支持。这些操作相对比较简单,下面只介绍一下相关的API。
1、 合并单元格
WritableSheet.mergeCells(int m,int n,int p,int q);
作用是从(m,n)到(p,q)的单元格全部合并,比如:
WritableSheet sheet=book.createSheet(“第一页”,0);
//合并第一列第一行到第六列第一行的所有单元格
sheet.mergeCells(0,0,5,0);
合并既可以是横向的,也可以是纵向的。合并后的单元格不能再次进行合并,否则会触发异常。
2、 行高和列宽
WritableSheet.setRowView(int i,int height);
作用是指定第i+1行的高度,比如:
//将第一行的高度设为200
sheet.setRowView(0,200);
WritableSheet.setColumnView(int i,int width);
作用是指定第i+1列的宽度,比如:
//将第一列的宽度设为30
sheet.setColumnView(0,30);
三、操作图片
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public static void write()throws Exception
{
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WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("c:/1.xls"));
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WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
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File file=new File("C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png");
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WritableImage image=new WritableImage(1, 4, 6, 18,file);
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ws.addImage(image);
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wwb.write();
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wwb.close();
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}
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public static void write()throws Exception
{
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WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("c:/1.xls"));
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WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
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File file=new File("C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png");
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WritableImage image=new WritableImage(1, 4, 6, 18,file);
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ws.addImage(image);
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wwb.write();
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wwb.close();
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}
很简单和插入单元格的方式一样,不过就是参数多了些,WritableImage这个类继承了Draw,上面只是他构造方法的一种,最后一个参数不用了说了,前面四个参数的类型都是double,依次是 x, y, width, height,注意,这里的宽和高可不是图片的宽和高,而是图片所要占的单位格的个数,因为继承的Draw所以他的类型必须是double,具体里面怎么实现的我还没细看:)因为着急赶活,先完成功能,其他的以后有时间慢慢研究。以后会继续写出在使用中的心得给大家。
读:
读的时候是这样的一个思路,先用一个输入流(InputStream)得到Excel文件,然后用jxl中的Workbook得到工作薄,用Sheet从工作薄中得到工作表,用Cell得到工作表中得某个单元格.
InputStream->Workbook->Sheet->Cell,就得到了excel文件中的单元格
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String path="c:\\excel.xls";//Excel文件URL
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InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);//写入到FileInputStream
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jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄
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jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0);//得到工作薄中的第一个工作表
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Cell cell=st.getCell(0,0);//得到工作表的第一个单元格,即A1
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String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()将Cell中的字符转为字符串
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wb.close();//关闭工作薄
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is.close();//关闭输入流
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String path="c:\\excel.xls";//Excel文件URL
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InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);//写入到FileInputStream
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jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄
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jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0);//得到工作薄中的第一个工作表
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Cell cell=st.getCell(0,0);//得到工作表的第一个单元格,即A1
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String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()将Cell中的字符转为字符串
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wb.close();//关闭工作薄
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is.close();//关闭输入流
我们可以通过Sheet的getCell(x,y)方法得到任意一个单元格,x,y和excel中的坐标对应.
例如A1对应(0,0),A2对应(0,1),D3对应(3,2).Excel中坐标从A,1开始,jxl中全部是从0开始.
还可以通过Sheet的getRows(),getColumns()方法得到行数列数,并用于循环控制,输出一个sheet中的所有内容.
写:
往Excel中写入内容主要是用jxl.write包中的类.
思路是这样的:
OutputStream<-WritableWorkbook<-WritableSheet<-Label
这里面Label代表的是写入Sheet的Cell位置及内容.
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OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("c:\\test.xls");//输出的Excel文件URL
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WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//创建可写工作薄
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WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1", 0);//创建可写工作表
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Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//创建写入位置和内容
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ws.addCell(labelCF);//将Label写入sheet中
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Label的构造函数Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同读的时候的xy,aString是写入的内容.
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WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12, WritableFont.BOLD, false);//设置写入字体
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WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf);//设置CellFormat
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Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//创建写入位置,内容和格式
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Label的另一构造函数Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以对写入内容进行格式化,设置字体及其它的属性.
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现在可以写了
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wwb.write();
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写完后关闭
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wwb.close();
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输出流也关闭吧
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os.close;
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OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("c:\\test.xls");//输出的Excel文件URL
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WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//创建可写工作薄
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WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1", 0);//创建可写工作表
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Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//创建写入位置和内容
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ws.addCell(labelCF);//将Label写入sheet中
6
Label的构造函数Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同读的时候的xy,aString是写入的内容.
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WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12, WritableFont.BOLD, false);//设置写入字体
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WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf);//设置CellFormat
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Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//创建写入位置,内容和格式
10
Label的另一构造函数Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以对写入内容进行格式化,设置字体及其它的属性.
11
现在可以写了
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wwb.write();
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写完后关闭
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wwb.close();
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输出流也关闭吧
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os.close;
OK,只要把读和写结合起来,就可以在N个Excel中读取数据写入你希望的Excel新表中,还是比较方便的.
下面是程序一例:
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sql = "select * from tablename";
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rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
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//新建Excel文件
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String filePath=request.getRealPath("aaa.xls");
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File myFilePath=new File(filePath);
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if(!myFilePath.exists())
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myFilePath.createNewFile();
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FileWriter resultFile=new FileWriter(myFilePath);
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PrintWriter myFile=new PrintWriter(resultFile);
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resultFile.close();
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//用JXL向新建的文件中添加内容
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OutputStream outf = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
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jxl.write.WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(outf);
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jxl.write.WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheettest", 0);
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int i=0;
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int j=0;
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21
for (int k = 0; k < rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); k++)
{
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ws.addCell(new Label(k,0,rs.getMetaData().getColumnName(k+1)));
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}
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while(rs.next())
{
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out.println(rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount());
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for (int k = 0; k < rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); k++)
{
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ws.addCell(new Label(k,j+i+1,rs.getString(k+1)));
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}
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i++;
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}
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wwb.write();
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wwb.close();
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}catch(Exception e)
{e.printStackTrace();}
37
finally
{
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rs.close();
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conn.close();
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}
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response.sendRedirect("aaa.xls");
posted on 2008-11-25 13:08
Vincent-chen 阅读(2298)
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