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本文摘自:http://blog.hexun.com/nantiange/1776819/rss/viewarticle.html

1. Codepage的定义和历史

字符内码(charcter code)指的是用来代表字符的内码.读者在输入和存储文档时都要使用内码,内码分为

  • 单字节内码 -- Single-Byte character sets (SBCS),可以支持256个字符编码.
  • 双字节内码 -- Double-Byte character sets)(DBCS),可以支持65000个字符编码.主要用来对大字符集的东方文字进行编码.

codepage 指的是一个经过挑选的以特定顺序排列的字符内码列表,对于早期的单字节内码的语种,codepage中的内码顺序使得系统可以按照此列表来根据痰氖淙胫蹈鲆桓龆杂Φ哪诼?对于双字节内码,则给出的是MultiByte到Unicode的对应表,这样就可以把以Unicode形式存放的字符转化为相应的字符内码,或者反之,在Linux核心中对应的函数就是utf8_mbtowc和utf8_wctomb.

在1980年前,仍然没有任何国际标准如ISO-8859或Unicode来定义如何扩展US-ASCII编码以便非英语国家的用户使用.很多IT 厂商发明了他们自己的编码,并且使用了难以记忆的数目来标识:

 

 

例如936代表简体中文. 950代表繁体中文.

 

 

1.1 CJK Codepage

同 Extended Unix Coding ( EUC )编码大不一样的是,下面所有的远东 codepage 都利用了C1控制码 { =80..=9F } 做为首字节, 使用ASCII值 { =40..=7E { 做为第二字节,这样才能包含多达数万个双字节字符,这表明在这种编码之中小于3F的ASCII值不一定代表ASCII字符.

CP932

Shift-JIS包含日本语 charset JIS X 0201 (每个字符一个字节) 和 JIS X 0208 (每个字符两个字节),所以 JIS X 0201平假名包含一个字节半宽的字符,其剩馀的60个字节被用做7076个汉字以及648个其他全宽字符的首字节.同EUC-JP编码区别的是, Shift-JIS没有包含JIS X 202中定义的5802个汉字.

CP936

GBK 扩展了 EUC-CN 编码( GB 2312-80编码,包含 6763 个汉字)到Unicode (GB13000.1-93)中定义的20902个汉字,中国大陆使用的是简体中文zh_CN.

CP949

UnifiedHangul (UHC) 是韩文 EUC-KR 编码(KS C 5601-1992 编码,包括2350 韩文音节和 4888 个汉字a)的超集,包含 8822个附加的韩文音节( 在C1中 )

CP950

是代替EUC-TW (CNS 11643-1992)的 Big5 编码(13072 繁体 zh_TW 中文字) 繁体中文,这些定义都在Ken Lunde的 CJK.INF中或者 Unicode 编码表中找到.

注意: Microsoft采用以上四种Codepage,因此要访问Microsoft的文件系统时必需采用上面的Codepage .

 

1.2 IBM的远东语言Codepage

IBM的Codepage分为SBCS和DBCS两种:

IBM SBCS Codepage

 

  • 37 (英文) *
  • 290 (日文) *
  • 833 (韩文) *
  • 836 (简体中文) *
  • 891 (韩文)
  • 897 (日文)
  • 903 (简体中文)
  • 904 (繁体中文)

    IBM DBCS Codepage

  • 300 (日文) *
  • 301 (日文)
  • 834 (韩文) *
  • 835 (繁体中文) *
  • 837 (简体中文) *
  • 926 (韩文)
  • 927 (繁体中文)
  • 928 (简体中文)

    将SBCS的Codepage和DBCS的Codepage混合起来就成为: IBM MBCS Codepage

  • 930 (日文) (Codepage 300 加 290) *
  • 932 (日文) (Codepage 301 加 897)
  • 933 (韩文) (Codepage 834 加 833) *
  • 934 (韩文) (Codepage 926 加 891)
  • 938 (繁体中文) (Codepage 927 加 904)
  • 936 (简体中文) (Codepage 928 加 903)
  • 5031 (简体中文) (Codepage 837 加 836) *
  • 5033 (繁体中文) (Codepage 835 加 37) *

    *代表采用EBCDIC编码格式

    由此可见,Mircosoft的CJK Codepage来源于IBM的Codepage.

    2. Linux下Codepage的作用

    在Linux下引入对Codepage的支持主要是为了访问FAT/VFAT/FAT32/NTFS/NCPFS等文件系统下的多语种文件名的问题,目前在NTFS和FAT32/VFAT下的文件系统上都使用了Unicode,这就需要系统在读取这些文件名时动态将其转换为相应的语言编码.因此引入了NLS支持.其相应的程序文件在/usr/src/linux/fs/nls下:

     

    • Config.in
    • Makefile
    • nls_base.c
    • nls_cp437.c
    • nls_cp737.c
    • nls_cp775.c
    • nls_cp850.c
    • nls_cp852.c
    • nls_cp855.c
    • nls_cp857.c
    • nls_cp860.c
    • nls_cp861.c
    • nls_cp862.c
    • nls_cp863.c
    • nls_cp864.c
    • nls_cp865.c
    • nls_cp866.c
    • nls_cp869.c
    • nls_cp874.c
    • nls_cp936.c
    • nls_cp950.c
    • nls_iso8859-1.c
    • nls_iso8859-15.c
    • nls_iso8859-2.c
    • nls_iso8859-3.c
    • nls_iso8859-4.c
    • nls_iso8859-5.c
    • nls_iso8859-6.c
    • nls_iso8859-7.c
    • nls_iso8859-8.c
    • nls_iso8859-9.c
    • nls_koi8-r.c

    实现了下列函数:

    • extern int utf8_mbtowc(__u16 *, const __u8 *, int);
    • extern int utf8_mbstowcs(__u16 *, const __u8 *, int);
    • extern int utf8_wctomb(__u8 *, __u16, int);
    • extern int utf8_wcstombs(__u8 *, const __u16 *, int);

     

    这样在加载相应的文件系统时就可以用下面的参数来设置Codepage:

    对于Codepage 437 来说

    mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/1 -o codepage=437,iocharset=cp437

     

    这样在Linux下就可以正常访问不同语种的长文件名了.

    3. Linux下支持的Codepage

     

     

  • nls codepage 437 -- 美国/加拿大英语

     

  • nls codepage 737 -- 希腊语

     

  • nls codepage 775 -- 波罗的海语

     

  • nls codepage 850 -- 包括西欧语种(德语,西班牙语,意大利语)中的一些字符

     

  • nls codepage 852 -- Latin 2 包括中东欧语种(阿尔巴尼亚语,克罗地亚语,捷克语,英语,芬兰语,匈牙利语,爱尔兰语,德语,波兰语,罗马利亚语,塞尔维亚语,斯洛伐克语,斯洛文尼亚语,Sorbian语)

     

  • nls codepage 855 -- 斯拉夫语

     

  • nls codepage 857 -- 土耳其语

     

  • nls codepage 860 -- 葡萄牙语

     

  • nls codepage 861 -- 冰岛语

     

  • nls codepage 862 -- 希伯来语

     

  • nls codepage 863 -- 加拿大语

     

  • nls codepage 864 -- 阿拉伯语

     

  • nls codepage 865 -- 日尔曼语系

     

  • nls codepage 866 -- 斯拉夫语/俄语

     

  • nls codepage 869 -- 希腊语(2)

     

  • nls codepage 874 -- 泰语

     

  • nls codepage 936 -- 简体中文GBK

     

  • nls codepage 950 -- 繁体中文Big5

     

  • nls iso8859-1 -- 西欧语系(阿尔巴尼亚语,西班牙加泰罗尼亚语,丹麦语,荷兰语,英语,Faeroese语,芬兰语,法语,德语,加里西亚语,爱尔兰语,冰岛语,意大利语,挪威语,葡萄牙语,瑞士语.)这同时适用于美国英语.

     

  • nls iso8859-2 -- Latin 2 字符集,斯拉夫/中欧语系(捷克语,德语,匈牙利语,波兰语,罗马尼亚语,克罗地亚语,斯洛伐克语,斯洛文尼亚语)

     

  • nls iso8859-3 -- Latin 3 字符集, (世界语,加里西亚语,马耳他语,土耳其语)

     

  • nls iso8859-4 -- Latin 4 字符集, (爱莎尼亚语,拉脱维亚语,立陶宛语),是Latin 6 字符集的前序标准

     

  • nls iso8859-5 -- 斯拉夫语系(保加利亚语,Byelorussian语,马其顿语,俄语,塞尔维亚语,乌克兰语) 一般推荐使用 KOI8-R codepage

     

  • nls iso8859-6 -- 阿拉伯语.

     

  • nls iso8859-7 -- 现代希腊语

     

  • nls iso8859-8 -- 希伯来语

     

  • nls iso8859-9 -- Latin 5 字符集, (去掉了 Latin 1中不经常使用的一些冰岛语字符而代以土耳其语字符)

     

  • nls iso8859-10 -- Latin 6 字符集, (因纽特(格陵兰)语,萨摩斯岛语等Latin 4 中没有包括的北欧语种)

     

  • nls iso8859-15 -- Latin 9 字符集, 是Latin 1字符集的更新版本,去掉一些不常用的字符,增加了对爱莎尼亚语的支持,修正了法语和芬兰语部份,增加了欧元字符)

     

  • nls koi8-r -- 俄语的缺省支持

    4. 简体中文GBK/繁体中文Big5的Codepage

    如何制作简体中文GBK/繁体中文Big5的Codepage?

     

    1. Unicode 组织取得GBK/Big5的Unicode的定义.

      由于GBK是基于ISO 10646-1:1993标准的,而相应的日文是JIS X 0221-1995,韩文是KS C 5700-1995,他们被提交到Unicode标准的时间表为:
      Unicode Version 1.0
      Unicode Version 1.1 <-> ISO 10646-1:1993, JIS X 0221-1995, GB 13000.1-93
      Unicode Version 2.0 <-> KS C 5700-1995

      从Windows 95开始均采用GBK编码. 您需要的是 CP936.TXTBIG5.TXT

    2. 然后使用下面的程序就可以将其转化为Linux核心需要的Unicode<->GBK码表
      ./genmap BIG5.txt | perl uni2big5.pl
      ./genmap CP936.txt | perl uni2gbk.pl
    3. 再修改fat/vfat/ntfs的相关函数就可以完成对核心的修改工作. 具体使用时可以使用下面的命令:

     

  • 简体中文: mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/1 -o codepage=936,iocharset=cp936
  • 繁体中文: mount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/1 -o codepage=950,iocharset=cp936

    有趣的是,由于GBK包含了全部的GB2312/Big5/JIS的内码,所以使用936的Codepage也可以显示Big5的文件名.

    5. 附录

     

    5.1 作者和相关文档

    制作codepage950支持的是台湾的 cosmos先生, 主页为 http://www.cis.nctu.edu.tw:8080/~is84086/Project/kernel_cp950/

    制作GBK的cp936支持的是TurboLinux的中文研发小组的 方汉陈向阳

    5.2 genmap

     

    #!/bin/sh
    cat $1 | awk '{if(index($1,"#")==0)print $0}' | awk 'BEGIN{FS="0x"}{print $2 $3}' | awk '{if(length($1)==length($2))print $1,$2}'

     

    5.3 uni2big5.pl

     

     

    #!/usr/bin/perl

    @code = (
    "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07",
    "08", "09", "0A", "0B", "0C", "0D", "0E", "0F",
    "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17",
    "18", "19", "1A", "1B", "1C", "1D", "1E", "1F",
    "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27",
    "28", "29", "2A", "2B", "2C", "2D", "2E", "2F",
    "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37",
    "38", "39", "3A", "3B", "3C", "3D", "3E", "3F",
    "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47",
    "48", "49", "4A", "4B", "4C", "4D", "4E", "4F",
    "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57",
    "58", "59", "5A", "5B", "5C", "5D", "5E", "5F",
    "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67",
    "68", "69", "6A", "6B", "6C", "6D", "6E", "6F",
    "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77",
    "78", "79", "7A", "7B", "7C", "7D", "7E", "7F",
    "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87",
    "88", "89", "8A", "8B", "8C", "8D", "8E", "8F",
    "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97",
    "98", "99", "9A", "9B", "9C", "9D", "9E", "9F",
    "A0", "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "A5", "A6", "A7",
    "A8", "A9", "AA", "AB", "AC", "AD", "AE", "AF",
    "B0", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7",
    "B8", "B9", "BA", "BB", "BC", "BD", "BE", "BF",
    "C0", "C1", "C2", "C3", "C4", "C5", "C6", "C7",
    "C8", "C9", "CA", "CB", "CC", "CD", "CE", "CF",
    "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5", "D6", "D7",
    "D8", "D9", "DA", "DB", "DC", "DD", "DE", "DF",
    "E0", "E1", "E2", "E3", "E4", "E5", "E6", "E7",
    "E8", "E9", "EA", "EB", "EC", "ED", "EE", "EF",
    "F0", "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7",
    "F8", "F9", "FA", "FB", "FC", "FD", "FE", "FF");

    while (<STDIN>){
    ($unicode, $big5) = split;
    ($high, $low) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
    $table2{$high}{$low} = $big5;
    ($high, $low) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
    $table{$high}{$low} = $unicode;
    }

    print <<EOF;
    /*
    * linux/fs/nls_cp874.c
    *
    * Charset cp874 translation tables.
    * Generated automatically from the Unicode and charset
    * tables from the Unicode Organization (www.unicode.org).
    * The Unicode to charset table has only exact mappings.
    */

    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/string.h>
    #include <linux/nls.h>

    /* A1 - F9*/
    static struct nls_unicode charset2uni[(0xF9-0xA1+1)*(0x100-0x60)] = {
    EOF

    for ($high=0xA1; $high <= 0xF9; $high++){
    for ($low=0x40; $low <= 0x7F; $low++){
    $unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
    $unicode = "0000" if (!(defined $unicode));
    print "\n\t" if ($low%4 == 0);
    print "/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t" if ($low%0x10 == 0);
    ($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
    printf("{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, ", $ulow, $uhigh);
    }
    for ($low=0xA0; $low <= 0xFF; $low++){
    $unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
    $unicode = "0000" if (!(defined $unicode));
    print "\n\t" if ($low%4 == 0);
    print "/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t" if ($low%0x10 == 0);
    ($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
    printf("{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, ", $ulow, $uhigh);
    }
    }

    print "\n};\n\n";
    for ($high=1; $high <= 255;$high++){
    if (defined $table{$code[$high]}){
    print "static unsigned char page$code[$high]\[512\] = {\n\t";
    for ($low=0; $low<=255;$low++){
    $big5 = $table{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
    $big5 = "3F3F" if (!(defined $big5));
    if ($low > 0 && $low%4 == 0){
    printf("/* 0x%02X-0x%02X */\n\t", $low-4, $low-1);
    }
    print "\n\t" if ($low == 0x80);
    ($bhigh, $blow) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
    printf("0x%2s, 0x%2s, ", $bhigh, $blow);
    }
    print "/* 0xFC-0xFF */\n};\n\n";
    }
    }

    print "static unsigned char *page_uni2charset[256] = {";
    for ($high=0; $high<=255;$high++){
    print "\n\t" if ($high%8 == 0);
    if ($high>0 && defined $table{$code[$high]}){
    print "page$code[$high], ";
    }
    else{
    print "NULL, ";
    }
    }
    print <<EOF;

    };

    static unsigned char charset2upper[256] = {
    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, /* 0x00-0x07 */
    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, /* 0x08-0x0f */
    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, /* 0x10-0x17 */
    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, /* 0x18-0x1f */
    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, /* 0x20-0x27 */
    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f, /* 0x28-0x2f */
    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, /* 0x30-0x37 */
    0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f, /* 0x38-0x3f */
    0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, /* 0x40-0x47 */
    0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f, /* 0x48-0x4f */
    0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, /* 0x50-0x57 */
    0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, /* 0x58-0x5f */
    0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x60-0x67 */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x68-0x6f */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x70-0x77 */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f, /* 0x78-0x7f */
    0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, /* 0x80-0x87 */
    0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, /* 0x88-0x8f */
    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, /* 0x90-0x97 */
    0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x98-0x9f */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, /* 0xa0-0xa7 */
    0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, /* 0xa8-0xaf */
    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, /* 0xb0-0xb7 */
    0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf, /* 0xb8-0xbf */
    0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, /* 0xc0-0xc7 */
    0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, /* 0xc8-0xcf */
    0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0xd0-0xd7 */
    0x00, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0x00, 0x00, 0xdf, /* 0xd8-0xdf */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0xe0-0xe7 */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xef, /* 0xe8-0xef */
    0xf0, 0xf1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf5, 0x00, 0xf7, /* 0xf0-0xf7 */
    0xf8, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, /* 0xf8-0xff */
    };


    static void inc_use_count(void)
    {
    MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
    }

    static void dec_use_count(void)
    {
    MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
    }

    static struct nls_table table = {
    "cp950",
    page_uni2charset,
    charset2uni,
    inc_use_count,
    dec_use_count,
    NULL
    };

    int init_nls_cp950(void)
    {
    return register_nls();
    }

    #ifdef MODULE
    int init_module(void)
    {
    return init_nls_cp950();
    }


    void cleanup_module(void)
    {
    unregister_nls();
    return;
    }
    #endif

    /*
    * Overrides for Emacs so that we follow Linus's tabbing style.
    * Emacs will notice this stuff at the end of the file and automatically
    * adjust the settings for this buffer only. This must remain at the end
    * of the file.
    *
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    * Local variables:
    * c-indent-level: 8
    * c-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
    * c-brace-offset: -8
    * c-argdecl-indent: 8
    * c-label-offset: -8
    * c-continued-statement-offset: 8
    * c-continued-brace-offset: 0
    * End:
    */
    EOF

     

    5.4 uni2gbk.pl

     

    #!/usr/bin/perl

    @code = (
    "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07",
    "08", "09", "0A", "0B", "0C", "0D", "0E", "0F",
    "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17",
    "18", "19", "1A", "1B", "1C", "1D", "1E", "1F",
    "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27",
    "28", "29", "2A", "2B", "2C", "2D", "2E", "2F",
    "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37",
    "38", "39", "3A", "3B", "3C", "3D", "3E", "3F",
    "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47",
    "48", "49", "4A", "4B", "4C", "4D", "4E", "4F",
    "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57",
    "58", "59", "5A", "5B", "5C", "5D", "5E", "5F",
    "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67",
    "68", "69", "6A", "6B", "6C", "6D", "6E", "6F",
    "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77",
    "78", "79", "7A", "7B", "7C", "7D", "7E", "7F",
    "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87",
    "88", "89", "8A", "8B", "8C", "8D", "8E", "8F",
    "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97",
    "98", "99", "9A", "9B", "9C", "9D", "9E", "9F",
    "A0", "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "A5", "A6", "A7",
    "A8", "A9", "AA", "AB", "AC", "AD", "AE", "AF",
    "B0", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7",
    "B8", "B9", "BA", "BB", "BC", "BD", "BE", "BF",
    "C0", "C1", "C2", "C3", "C4", "C5", "C6", "C7",
    "C8", "C9", "CA", "CB", "CC", "CD", "CE", "CF",
    "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5", "D6", "D7",
    "D8", "D9", "DA", "DB", "DC", "DD", "DE", "DF",
    "E0", "E1", "E2", "E3", "E4", "E5", "E6", "E7",
    "E8", "E9", "EA", "EB", "EC", "ED", "EE", "EF",
    "F0", "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7",
    "F8", "F9", "FA", "FB", "FC", "FD", "FE", "FF");

    while (<STDIN>){
    ($unicode, $big5) = split;
    ($high, $low) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
    $table2{$high}{$low} = $big5;
    ($high, $low) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
    $table{$high}{$low} = $unicode;
    }

    print <<EOF;
    /*
    * linux/fs/nls_cp936.c
    *
    * Charset cp936 translation tables.
    * Generated automatically from the Unicode and charset
    * tables from the Unicode Organization (www.unicode.org).
    * The Unicode to charset table has only exact mappings.
    */

    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/string.h>
    #include <linux/nls.h>

    /* 81 - FE*/
    static struct nls_unicode charset2uni[(0xFE-0x81+1)*(0x100-0x40)] = {
    EOF

    for ($high=0x81; $high <= 0xFE; $high++){
    for ($low=0x40; $low <= 0x7F; $low++){
    $unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
    $unicode = "0000" if (!(defined $unicode));
    print "\n\t" if ($low%4 == 0);
    print "/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t" if ($low%0x10 == 0);
    ($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
    printf("{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, ", $ulow, $uhigh);
    }
    for ($low=0x80; $low <= 0xFF; $low++){
    $unicode = $table2{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
    $unicode = "0000" if (!(defined $unicode));
    print "\n\t" if ($low%4 == 0);
    print "/* $code[$high]$code[$low]*/\n\t" if ($low%0x10 == 0);
    ($uhigh, $ulow) = $unicode =~ /(..)(..)/;
    printf("{0x%2s, 0x%2s}, ", $ulow, $uhigh);
    }
    }

    print "\n};\n\n";
    for ($high=1; $high <= 255;$high++){
    if (defined $table{$code[$high]}){
    print "static unsigned char page$code[$high]\[512\] = {\n\t";
    for ($low=0; $low<=255;$low++){
    $big5 = $table{$code[$high]}{$code[$low]};
    $big5 = "3F3F" if (!(defined $big5));
    if ($low > 0 && $low%4 == 0){
    printf("/* 0x%02X-0x%02X */\n\t", $low-4, $low-1);
    }
    print "\n\t" if ($low == 0x80);
    ($bhigh, $blow) = $big5 =~ /(..)(..)/;
    printf("0x%2s, 0x%2s, ", $bhigh, $blow);
    }
    print "/* 0xFC-0xFF */\n};\n\n";
    }
    }

    print "static unsigned char *page_uni2charset[256] = {";
    for ($high=0; $high<=255;$high++){
    print "\n\t" if ($high%8 == 0);
    if ($high>0 && defined $table{$code[$high]}){
    print "page$code[$high], ";
    }
    else{
    print "NULL, ";
    }
    }
    print <<EOF;

    };

    static unsigned char charset2upper[256] = {
    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, /* 0x00-0x07 */
    0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, /* 0x08-0x0f */
    0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, /* 0x10-0x17 */
    0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, /* 0x18-0x1f */
    0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, /* 0x20-0x27 */
    0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f, /* 0x28-0x2f */
    0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, /* 0x30-0x37 */
    0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f, /* 0x38-0x3f */
    0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, /* 0x40-0x47 */
    0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f, /* 0x48-0x4f */
    0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, /* 0x50-0x57 */
    0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, /* 0x58-0x5f */
    0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x60-0x67 */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x68-0x6f */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x70-0x77 */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f, /* 0x78-0x7f */
    0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, /* 0x80-0x87 */
    0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, /* 0x88-0x8f */
    0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97, /* 0x90-0x97 */
    0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x98-0x9f */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7, /* 0xa0-0xa7 */
    0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, /* 0xa8-0xaf */
    0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, /* 0xb0-0xb7 */
    0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf, /* 0xb8-0xbf */
    0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7, /* 0xc0-0xc7 */
    0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, /* 0xc8-0xcf */
    0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0xd0-0xd7 */
    0x00, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0x00, 0x00, 0xdf, /* 0xd8-0xdf */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0xe0-0xe7 */
    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xef, /* 0xe8-0xef */
    0xf0, 0xf1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf5, 0x00, 0xf7, /* 0xf0-0xf7 */
    0xf8, 0xf9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xff, /* 0xf8-0xff */
    };


    static void inc_use_count(void)
    {
    MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
    }

    static void dec_use_count(void)
    {
    MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
    }

    static struct nls_table table = {
    "cp936",
    page_uni2charset,
    charset2uni,
    inc_use_count,
    dec_use_count,
    NULL
    };

    int init_nls_cp936(void)
    {
    return register_nls();
    }

    #ifdef MODULE
    int init_module(void)
    {
    return init_nls_cp936();
    }


    void cleanup_module(void)
    {
    unregister_nls();
    return;
    }
    #endif

    /*
    * Overrides for Emacs so that we follow Linus's tabbing style.
    * Emacs will notice this stuff at the end of the file and automatically
    * adjust the settings for this buffer only. This must remain at the end
    * of the file.
    *
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    * Local variables:
    * c-indent-level: 8
    * c-brace-imaginary-offset: 0
    * c-brace-offset: -8
    * c-argdecl-indent: 8
    * c-label-offset: -8
    * c-continued-statement-offset: 8
    * c-continued-brace-offset: 0
    * End:
    */
    EOF

     

     

    5.5 转换CODEPAGE的工具

     

    /*
    * CPI.C: A program to examine MSDOS codepage files (*.cpi)
    * and extract specific codepages.
    * Compiles under Linux & DOS (using BC++ 3.1).
    *
    * Compile: gcc -o cpi cpi.c
    * Call: codepage file.cpi [-a|-l|nnn]
    *
    * Author: Ahmed M. Naas (ahmed@oea.xs4all.nl)
    * Many changes: aeb@cwi.nl [changed until it would handle all
    * *.cpi files people have sent me; I have no documentation,
    * so all this is experimental]
    * Remains to do: DRDOS fonts.
    *
    * Copyright: Public domain.
    */

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <unistd.h>

    int handle_codepage(int);
    void handle_fontfile(void);

    #define PACKED __attribute__ ((packed))
    /* Use this (instead of the above) to compile under MSDOS */
    /*#define PACKED */

    struct {
    unsigned char id[8] PACKED;
    unsigned char res[8] PACKED;
    unsigned short num_pointers PACKED;
    unsigned char p_type PACKED;
    unsigned long offset PACKED;
    } FontFileHeader;

    struct {
    unsigned short num_codepages PACKED;
    } FontInfoHeader;

    struct {
    unsigned short size PACKED;
    unsigned long off_nexthdr PACKED;
    unsigned short device_type PACKED; /* screen=1; printer=2 */
    unsigned char device_name[8] PACKED;
    unsigned short codepage PACKED;
    unsigned char res[6] PACKED;
    unsigned long off_font PACKED;
    } CPEntryHeader;

    struct {
    unsigned short reserved PACKED;
    unsigned short num_fonts PACKED;
    unsigned short size PACKED;
    } CPInfoHeader;

    struct {
    unsigned char height PACKED;
    unsigned char width PACKED;
    unsigned short reserved PACKED;
    unsigned short num_chard PACKED;
    } ScreenFontHeader;

    struct {
    unsigned short p1 PACKED;
    unsigned short p2 PACKED;
    } PrinterFontHeader;

    FILE *in, *out;
    void usage(void);

    int opta, optc, optl, optL, optx;
    extern int optind;
    extern char *optarg;

    unsigned short codepage;

    int main (int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    if (argc < 2)
    usage();

    if ((in = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
    printf("\nUnable to open file %s.\n", argv[1]);
    exit(0);
    }

    opta = optc = optl = optL = optx = 0;
    optind = 2;
    if (argc == 2)
    optl = 1;
    else
    while(1) {
    switch(getopt(argc, argv, "alLc")) {
    case 'a':
    opta = 1;
    continue;
    case 'c':
    optc = 1;
    continue;
    case 'L':
    optL = 1;
    continue;
    case 'l':
    optl = 1;
    continue;
    case '?':
    default:
    usage();
    case -1:
    break;
    }
    break;
    }
    if (optind != argc) {
    if (optind != argc-1 || opta)
    usage();
    codepage = atoi(argv[optind]);
    optx = 1;
    }

    if (optc)
    handle_codepage(0);
    else
    handle_fontfile();

    if (optx) {
    printf("no page %d found\n", codepage);
    exit(1);
    }

    fclose(in);
    return (0);
    }

    void
    handle_fontfile(){
    int i, j;

    j = fread(, 1, sizeof(FontFileHeader), in);
    if (j != sizeof(FontFileHeader)) {
    printf("error reading FontFileHeader - got %d chars\n", j);
    exit (1);
    }
    if (!strcmp(FontFileHeader.id + 1, "DRFONT ")) {
    printf("this program cannot handle DRDOS font files\n");
    exit(1);
    }
    if (optL)
    printf("FontFileHeader: id=%8.8s res=%8.8s num=%d typ=%c offset=%ld\n\n",
    FontFileHeader.id, FontFileHeader.res,
    FontFileHeader.num_pointers,
    FontFileHeader.p_type,
    FontFileHeader.offset);

    j = fread(, 1, sizeof(FontInfoHeader), in);
    if (j != sizeof(FontInfoHeader)) {
    printf("error reading FontInfoHeader - got %d chars\n", j);
    exit (1);
    }
    if (optL)
    printf("FontInfoHeader: num_codepages=%d\n\n",
    FontInfoHeader.num_codepages);

    for (i = FontInfoHeader.num_codepages; i; i--)
    if (handle_codepage(i-1))
    break;
    }

    int
    handle_codepage(int more_to_come) {
    int j;
    char outfile[20];
    unsigned char *fonts;
    long inpos, nexthdr;

    j = fread(, 1, sizeof(CPEntryHeader), in);
    if (j != sizeof(CPEntryHeader)) {
    printf("error reading CPEntryHeader - got %d chars\n", j);
    exit(1);
    }
    if (optL) {
    int t = CPEntryHeader.device_type;
    printf("CPEntryHeader: size=%d dev=%d [%s] name=%8.8s \
    codepage=%d\n\t\tres=%6.6s nxt=%ld off_font=%ld\n\n",
    CPEntryHeader.size,
    t, (t==1) ? "screen" : (t==2) ? "printer" : "?",
    CPEntryHeader.device_name,
    CPEntryHeader.codepage,
    CPEntryHeader.res,
    CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr, CPEntryHeader.off_font);
    } else if (optl) {
    printf("\nCodepage = %d\n", CPEntryHeader.codepage);
    printf("Device = %.8s\n", CPEntryHeader.device_name);
    }
    #if 0
    if (CPEntryHeader.size != sizeof(CPEntryHeader)) {
    /* seen 26 and 28, so that the difference below is -2 or 0 */
    if (optl)
    printf("Skipping %d bytes of garbage\n",
    CPEntryHeader.size - sizeof(CPEntryHeader));
    fseek(in, CPEntryHeader.size - sizeof(CPEntryHeader),
    SEEK_CUR);
    }
    #endif
    if (!opta && (!optx || CPEntryHeader.codepage != codepage) && !optc)
    goto next;

    inpos = ftell(in);
    if (inpos != CPEntryHeader.off_font && !optc) {
    if (optL)
    printf("pos=%ld font at %ld\n", inpos, CPEntryHeader.off_font);
    fseek(in, CPEntryHeader.off_font, SEEK_SET);
    }

    j = fread(, 1, sizeof(CPInfoHeader), in);
    if (j != sizeof(CPInfoHeader)) {
    printf("error reading CPInfoHeader - got %d chars\n", j);
    exit(1);
    }
    if (optl) {
    printf("Number of Fonts = %d\n", CPInfoHeader.num_fonts);
    printf("Size of Bitmap = %d\n", CPInfoHeader.size);
    }
    if (CPInfoHeader.num_fonts == 0)
    goto next;
    if (optc)
    return 0;

    sprintf(outfile, "%d.cp", CPEntryHeader.codepage);
    if ((out = fopen(outfile, "w")) == NULL) {
    printf("\nUnable to open file %s.\n", outfile);
    exit(1);
    } else printf("\nWriting %s\n", outfile);

    fonts = (unsigned char *) malloc(CPInfoHeader.size);

    fread(fonts, CPInfoHeader.size, 1, in);
    fwrite(, sizeof(CPEntryHeader), 1, out);
    fwrite(, sizeof(CPInfoHeader), 1, out);
    j = fwrite(fonts, 1, CPInfoHeader.size, out);
    if (j != CPInfoHeader.size) {
    printf("error writing %s - wrote %d chars\n", outfile, j);
    exit(1);
    }
    fclose(out);
    free(fonts);
    if (optx) exit(0);
    next:
    /*
    * It seems that if entry headers and fonts are interspersed,
    * then nexthdr will point past the font, regardless of
    * whether more entries follow.
    * Otherwise, first all entry headers are given, and then
    * all fonts; in this case nexthdr will be 0 in the last entry.
    */
    nexthdr = CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr;
    if (nexthdr == 0 || nexthdr == -1) {
    if (more_to_come) {
    printf("mode codepages expected, but nexthdr=%ld\n",
    nexthdr);
    exit(1);
    } else
    return 1;
    }

    inpos = ftell(in);
    if (inpos != CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr) {
    if (optL)
    printf("pos=%ld nexthdr at %ld\n", inpos, nexthdr);
    if (opta && !more_to_come) {
    printf("no more code pages, but nexthdr != 0\n");
    return 1;
    }

    fseek(in, CPEntryHeader.off_nexthdr, SEEK_SET);
    }

    return 0;
    }

    void usage(void)
    {
    printf("\nUsage: cpi code_page_file [-c] [-L] [-l] [-a|nnn]\n");
    printf(" -c: input file is a single codepage\n");
    printf(" -L: print header info (you don't want to see this)\n");
    printf(" -l or no option: list all codepages contained in the file\n");
    printf(" -a: extract all codepages from the file\n");
    printf(" nnn (3 digits): extract codepage nnn from the file\n");
    printf("Example: cpi ega.cpi 850 \n");
    printf(" will create a file 850.cp containing the requested codepage.\n\n");
    exit(1);
    }
     
     
     
    Code Page   Character Set  语种 

    708         ASMO-708   阿拉伯字符 (ASMO 708)
    720         DOS-720   阿拉伯字符 (DOS)
    28596       iso-8859-6   阿拉伯字符 (ISO)
    1256        windows-1256  阿拉伯字符 (Windows)
    1257        windows-1257  波罗的海字符 (Windows)
    852         ibm852   中欧字符 (DOS)
    28592       iso-8859-2   中欧字符 (ISO)
    1250        windows-1250  中欧字符 (Windows)
    936         gb2312   简体中文 (GB2312)
    950         big5   繁体中文 (Big5)
    862         DOS-862   希伯来字符 (DOS)
    866         cp866   西里尔字符 (DOS)
    874         windows-874   泰语 (Windows)
    932         shift_jis   日语 (Shift-JIS)
    949         ks_c_5601-1987  朝鲜语
    1251        windows-1251  西里尔字符 (Windows)
    1252        iso-8859-1   西欧字符
    1253        windows-1253  希腊字符 (Windows)
    1254        iso-8859-9   土耳其字符 (Windows)
    1255        windows-1255  希伯来字符 (Windows)
    1258        windows-1258  越南字符 (Windows)
    20866       koi8-r   西里尔字符 (KOI8-R)
    21866       koi8-ru   西里尔字符 (KOI8-U)
    28595       iso-8859-5   西里尔字符 (ISO)
    28597       iso-8859-7   希腊字符 (ISO)
    28598       iso-8859-8   希伯来字符 (ISO-Visual)
    38598       iso-8859-8-i  希伯来字符 (ISO-Logical)
    50932       _autodetect   日语 (自动选择)
    51932       euc-jp   日语 (EUC)
    52936       hz-gb-2312   简体中文 (HZ)
    65001       utf-8   Unicode (UTF-8)
  • posted on 2007-12-04 09:57 flyepp 阅读(682) 评论(0)  编辑  收藏

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