写出漂亮代码的七种方法
首先我想说明我本文阐述的是纯粹从美学的角度来写出代码,而非技术、逻辑等。以下为写出漂亮代码的七种方法:
1, 尽快结束 if语句
例如下面这个JavaScript语句,看起来就很恐怖:
- 1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
-
- 2 if(!findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 3 if(!doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 4 if(!findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 5 if(!findFromGuide(flags,point) {
-
- 6 if(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1) {
-
- 7 doSomething();
-
- 8 }
-
- 9 }
-
- 10 }
-
- 11 }
-
- 12 }
-
- 13 }
1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
2 if(!findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
3 if(!doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
4 if(!findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
5 if(!findFromGuide(flags,point) {
6 if(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1) {
7 doSomething();
8 }
9 }
10 }
11 }
12 }
13 }
但如果这么写就好看得多:
- 1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
-
- 2 if(findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 3 return;
-
- 4 }
-
- 5
-
- 6 if(doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 7 return;
-
- 8 }
-
- 9
-
- 10 if(findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 11 return;
-
- 12 }
-
- 13
-
- 14 if(findFromGuide(flags,point) {
-
- 15 return;
-
- 16 }
-
- 17
-
- 18 if (!(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1)) {
-
- 19 return;
-
- 20 }
-
- 21
-
- 22 doSomething();
-
- 23
-
- 24 }
1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
2 if(findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
3 return;
4 }
5
6 if(doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
7 return;
8 }
9
10 if(findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
11 return;
12 }
13
14 if(findFromGuide(flags,point) {
15 return;
16 }
17
18 if (!(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1)) {
19 return;
20 }
21
22 doSomething();
23
24 }
你可能会很不喜欢第二种的表述方式,但反映出了迅速返回if值的思想,也可以理解为:避免不必要的else陈述。
2, 如果只是简单的布尔运算(逻辑运算),不要使用if语句
例如:
- 1 function isStringEmpty(str){
-
- 2 if(str === "") {
-
- 3 return true;
-
- 4 }
-
- 5 else {
-
- 6 return false;
-
- 7 }
-
- 8 }
1 function isStringEmpty(str){
2 if(str === "") {
3 return true;
4 }
5 else {
6 return false;
7 }
8 }
可以写为:
- 1 function isStringEmpty(str){
-
- 2 return (str === "");
-
- 3 }
1 function isStringEmpty(str){
2 return (str === "");
3 }
3, 使用空白,这是免费的
例如:
1
- function getSomeAngle() {
-
- 2
-
- 3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
-
- 4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
-
- 5 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
-
- 6 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
-
- 7 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
-
- 8 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
-
- 9 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
-
- 10 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
-
- 11 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
-
- 12 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
-
- 13 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
-
- 14 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
-
- 15
-
- 16 }
function getSomeAngle() {
2 // Some code here then
3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
5 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
6 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
7 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
8 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
9 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
10 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
11 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
12 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
13 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
14 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
15 // Now some more code
16 }
很多开发者不愿意使用空白,就好像这要收费一样。我在此并非刻意地添加空白,粗鲁地打断代码的连贯性。在实际编写代码的过程中,会很容易地发现在什么地方加入空白,这不但美观而且让读者易懂,如下:
- 1 function getSomeAngle() {
-
- 2
-
- 3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
-
- 4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
-
- 5
-
- 6 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
-
- 7 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
-
- 8
-
- 9 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
-
- 10 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
-
- 11
-
- 12 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
-
- 13 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
-
- 14
-
- 15 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
-
- 16 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
-
- 17
-
- 18 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
-
- 19 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
-
- 20
-
- 21 }
-
-
-
- 4, 不要使用无谓的注释
-
- 无谓的注释让人费神,这实在很讨厌。不要标出很明显的注释。在以下的例子中,每个人都知道代码表达的是“students id”,因而没必要标出。
-
- 1 function existsStudent(id, list) {
-
- 2 for(i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
-
- 3 student = list[i];
-
- 4
-
- 5
-
- 6 thisId = student.getId();
-
- 7
-
- 8 if(thisId === id) {
-
- 9 return true;
-
- 10 }
-
- 11 }
-
- 12 return false;
-
- 13 }
1 function getSomeAngle() {
2 // Some code here then
3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
5
6 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
7 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
8
9 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
10 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
11
12 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
13 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
14
15 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
16 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
17
18 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
19 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
20 // Now some more code
21 }
4, 不要使用无谓的注释
无谓的注释让人费神,这实在很讨厌。不要标出很明显的注释。在以下的例子中,每个人都知道代码表达的是“students id”,因而没必要标出。
1 function existsStudent(id, list) {
2 for(i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
3 student = list[i];
4
5 // Get the student's id
6 thisId = student.getId();
7
8 if(thisId === id) {
9 return true;
10 }
11 }
12 return false;
13 }
5, 不要在源文件中留下已经删除的代码,哪怕你标注了
如果你使用了版本控制,那么你就可以轻松地找回前一个版本的代码。如果别人大费周折地读了你的代码,却发现是要删除的代码,这实在太恨人了。
//function thisReallyHandyFunction() {
// someMagic();
// someMoreMagic();
// magicNumber = evenMoreMagic();
// return magicNumber;
//}
6,不要有太长的代码
看太长的代码实在太费劲,尤其是代码本身的功能又很小。如下:
- 1 public static EnumMap<Category, IntPair> getGroupCategoryDistribution(EnumMap<Category, Integer> sizes, int groups) {
-
- 2 EnumMap<Category, IntPair> categoryGroupCounts = new EnumMap<Category,IntPair>(Category.class);
-
- 3
-
- 4 for(Category cat : Category.values()) {
-
- 5 categoryGroupCounts.put(cat, getCategoryDistribution(sizes.get(cat), groups));
-
- 6 }
1 public static EnumMap<Category, IntPair> getGroupCategoryDistribution(EnumMap<Category, Integer> sizes, int groups) {
2 EnumMap<Category, IntPair> categoryGroupCounts = new EnumMap<Category,IntPair>(Category.class);
3
4 for(Category cat : Category.values()) {
5 categoryGroupCounts.put(cat, getCategoryDistribution(sizes.get(cat), groups));
6 }
#
我并不是说非要坚持70个字符以内,但是一个比较理想的长度是控制在120个字符内。如果你把代码发布在互联网上,用户读起来就很困难。
7,不要在一个功能(或者函数内)有太多代码行
我的一个老同事曾经说Visual C++很臭,因为它不允许你在一个函数内拥有超过10,000行代码。我记不清代码行数的上限,不知道他说的是否正确,但我很不赞成他的观点。如果一个函数超过了50行,看起来有多费劲你知道么,还有没完没了的if循环,而且你还的滚动鼠标前后对照这段代码。对我而言,超过35行的代码理解起来就很困难了。我的建议是超过这个数字就把一个函数代码分割成两个。