2.修改默认字符集(xp下在mysql安装目录，linux在/etc/mysql/my.cnf)
  (1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值(如果没有直接添加)，
如    default-character-set = utf8  //在【client】下加
      character_set_server =  utf8  //在[server]下加
 修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart
 使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                           |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                            |
| character_set_connection | utf8                            |
| character_set_database   | utf8                            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                          |
| character_set_results    | utf8                            |
| character_set_server     | utf8                            |
| character_set_system     | utf8                            |
| character_sets_dir       | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

   (2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令
     mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;
     mysql> SET character_set_connection = utf8 ;
     mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8 ;
     mysql> SET character_set_results = utf8 ;
     mysql> SET character_set_server = utf8 ;

     mysql> SET collation_connection = utf8 ;
     mysql> SET collation_database = utf8 ;
     mysql> SET collation_server = utf8 ;