注意事项：
1 rman的保存格式前后要一样.
2 archive 的格式也要和原来一样。

oracle 10g

[oracle@standby oracle]$ rman target /

启动归档
SQL>alter database archivelog;

System altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     7
Current log sequence           9
SQL>

重启数据库，归档就会自动启动。

启动自动备份控制文件

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> configure channel device type disk format 'F:\backup\%U';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   'F:\backup\%U';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
---------------------------------------------------
F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\SYSAUX01.DBF
F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\USERS01.DBF

确定原控制文件的路径
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

查看log位置

SQL>select name from V$ARCHIVED_LOG；

查看log的信息
SQL>select * from v$log_history;

插入数据
SQL> select * from ttt;

NAME       EMAIL
---------- ----------
aa         aa@abc.com
bb         bb@abc.com
cc         cc@abc.com

RMAN备份，

RMAN>backup database;

再插入数据
SQL> select * from ttt;

NAME       EMAIL
---------- ----------
aa         aa@abc.com
bb         bb@abc.com
cc         cc@abc.com
dd         dd@abc.com

用DBCA删除 数据库和相关数据文件。
再重新建个相同实例名的SID，再开始恢复。

配置RMAN
RMAN> configure channel device type disk format 'F:\backup\%U';  //注意和原来的格式一样。

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   'F:\backup\%U';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

先需要从自动备份中恢复控制文件
RMAN> startup nomount;

RMAN> restore controlfile to '/opt/oracle/oradata/control01.ctl' from autobackup;

重建本地认证文件
C:\>orapwd file=F:\oracle\product.1.0\Db_1\DATABASE\PWDtest.ORA password=123456 entries=2;

RMAN>shutdown immediate

RMAN> startup mount

database is already started
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 08/03/2005 20:00:30
RMAN-06189: current DBID 1863531774 does not match target mounted database (1862908416)

RMAN>

重新设置DBID

RMAN> set DBID=1862908416

executing command: SET DBID

你可能需要修改spfile文件,如果文件位置改变。

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

RMAN> restore database;

转入SQLPLUS，sys登陆sqlplus
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 356534 generated at 08/02/2005 19:14:40 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\TEST\ARCHIVELOG05_08_03\O1_MF_1_
2_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 356534 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel            //因为log丢失，此步选cancel
Media recovery cancelled.

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from ttt;

NAME       EMAIL
---------- ----------
aa         aa@abc.com
bb         bb@abc.com
cc         cc@abc.com

SQL>

数据回来了，但是由于归档和redo log丢了，丢失一部分数据。

情况二 数据库崩溃，但是还剩下归档和redo log是好的。

启动归档
SQL>alter database archivelog;

System altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     7
Current log sequence           9
SQL>

重启数据库，归档就会自动启动。

启动自动备份控制文件

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

配置RMAN的格式和存储位置。
RMAN> configure channel device type disk format 'F:\backup\%U';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   'F:\backup\%U';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

查看数据文件的位置
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

确定原控制文件的路径
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

查看log位置

SQL>select name from V$ARCHIVED_LOG；

查看log的信息
SQL>select * from v$log_history;

插入数据
SQL> select * from sss;

AA         BB         CC
---------- ---------- ---
aa         bb         cc
aa         jj         mm
vv         ss         tt

完全备份数据库
RMAN>backup data

再插入数据

SQL> select * from sss;

AA         BB         CC
---------- ---------- ---
aa         bb         cc
aa         jj         mm
vv         ss         tt
mm         mm         mm

用DBCA删除数据库，删除相关的数据文件，保留redo log和归档日志。

再用DBCA重建一个SID一样的数据库。

RMAN>startup

配置RMAN
RMAN> configure channel device type disk format 'F:\backup\%U';  //注意和原来的格式一样。

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   'F:\backup\%U';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN>startup nomount
RMAN>restore controlfile to '/opt/oracle/oradata/control01.ctl' from autobackup;
再copy几份和原来一样的路径文件名。

RMAN>shutdown immediate

RMAN> startup mount

connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 08/03/2005 19:55:46
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'F:\oracle\product.1.0\Db_1\DATABASE\PWDtest.ORA'

重建本地认证文件
C:\>orapwd file=F:\oracle\product.1.0\Db_1\DATABASE\PWDtest.ORA password=123456 entries=2;

RMAN>shutdown immediate

RMAN> startup mount

database is already started
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 08/03/2005 20:00:30
RMAN-06189: current DBID 1863531774 does not match target mounted database (1862908416)

RMAN>

重新设置DBID

RMAN> set DBID=1862908416

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> startup mount

database is already started

RMAN> restore database;

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 03-8月 -05
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 1 is already on disk as file F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\TEST\ARCHIVELOG\
2005_08_03\O1_MF_1_1_1H2D39KL_.ARC
archive log thread 1 sequence 2 is already on disk as file F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\REDO02.LOG
archive log thread 1 sequence 3 is already on disk as file F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\REDO03.LOG
archive log thread 1 sequence 4 is already on disk as file F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\REDO01.LOG
archive log filename=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\TEST\ARCHIVELOG05_08_03\O1_MF_1_1_1H2D39KL_.ARC thr
ead=1 sequence=1
archive log filename=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\REDO02.LOG thread=1 sequence=2
archive log filename=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\REDO03.LOG thread=1 sequence=3
archive log filename=F:\ORACLE\PRODUCT.1.0\ORADATA\TEST\REDO01.LOG thread=1 sequence=4
media recovery complete
Finished recover at 03-8月 -05

RMAN>

由于控制文件是用备份还原的需要resetlogs打开。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

SQL> select * from sss;

AA         BB         CC
---------- ---------- ---
aa         bb         cc
aa         jj         mm
vv         ss         tt
mm         mm         mm  //此行数据回来了,说明没有丢数据.