Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序,能非常方便地自动完成编译,测试,打包,部署等等一系列任务,大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用Ant,那就要赶快开始学习使用,使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。
Eclipse中已经集成了Ant,我们可以直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。
以前面建立的Hello工程为例,创建以下目录结构:
新建一个build.xml,放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了Ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然Ant也可以使用其它文件名,但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范,同时易于与别人交流。
通常,src存放Java源文件,classes存放编译后的class文件,lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件,web存放JSP等web文件,dist存放打包后的jar文件,doc存放API文档。
然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件,输入以下内容:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project name="Hello world" default="doc">
<!-- properies --> <property name="src.dir" value="src" /> <property name="report.dir" value="report" /> <property name="classes.dir" value="classes" /> <property name="lib.dir" value="lib" /> <property name="dist.dir" value="dist" /> <property name="doc.dir" value="doc"/>
<!-- 定义classpath --> <path id="master-classpath"> <fileset file="${lib.dir}/*.jar" /> <pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/> </path>
<!-- 初始化任务 --> <target name="init"> </target>
<!-- 编译 --> <target name="compile" depends="init" description="compile the source files"> <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/> <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" target="1.4"> <classpath refid="master-classpath"/> </javac> </target>
<!-- 测试 --> <target name="test" depends="compile" description="run junit test"> <mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/> <junit printsummary="on" haltonfailure="false" failureproperty="tests.failed" showoutput="true"> <classpath refid="master-classpath" /> <formatter type="plain"/> <batchtest todir="${report.dir}"> <fileset dir="${classes.dir}"> <include name="**/*Test.*"/> </fileset> </batchtest> </junit> <fail if="tests.failed"> *********************************************************** **** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... **** *********************************************************** </fail> </target>
<!-- 打包成jar --> <target name="pack" depends="test" description="make .jar file"> <mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" /> <jar destfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir="${classes.dir}"> <exclude name="**/*Test.*" /> <exclude name="**/Test*.*" /> </jar> </target>
<!-- 输出api文档 --> <target name="doc" depends="pack" description="create api doc"> <mkdir dir="${doc.dir}" /> <javadoc destdir="${doc.dir}" author="true" version="true" use="true" windowtitle="Test API"> <packageset dir="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes="yes"> <include name="example/**" /> </packageset> <doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Hello, test</h1>]]></doctitle> <bottom><![CDATA[<i>All Rights Reserved.</i>]]></bottom> <tag name="todo" scope="all" description="To do:" /> </javadoc> </target> </project> |
以上xml依次定义了init(初始化),compile(编译),test(测试),doc(生成文档),pack(打包)任务,可以作为模板。
选中Hello工程,然后选择“Project”,“Properties”,“Builders”,“New…”,选择“Ant Build”:
填入Name:Ant_Builder;Buildfile:build.xml;Base Directory:${workspace_loc:/Hello}(按“Browse Workspace”选择工程根目录),由于用到了junit.jar包,搜索Eclipse目录,找到junit.jar,把它复制到Hello/lib目录下,并添加到Ant的Classpath中:
然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant_Build,去掉Java Builder:
再次编译,即可在控制台看到Ant的输出:
Buildfile: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\build.xml
init:
compile: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes [javac] Compiling 2 source files to F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes
test: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\report [junit] Running example.HelloTest [junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.02 sec
pack: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist [jar] Building jar: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist\hello.jar
doc: [mkdir] Created dir: F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc [javadoc] Generating Javadoc [javadoc] Javadoc execution [javadoc] Loading source files for package example... [javadoc] Constructing Javadoc information... [javadoc] Standard Doclet version 1.4.2_04 [javadoc] Building tree for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building index for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] Building index for all classes... [javadoc] Generating F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css... [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that could override future standard tags: @todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names. [javadoc] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 11 seconds |
Ant依次执行初始化,编译,测试,打包,生成API文档一系列任务,极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时,还可加入部署等任务。并且,即使脱离了Eclipse环境,只要正确安装了Ant,配置好环境变量ANT_HOME=<Ant解压目录>,Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin,在命令行提示符下切换到Hello目录,简单地键入ant即可。
posted on 2005-02-04 11:10
jacky 阅读(1871)
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