Nouns that can be both masculine and feminine那些既可以是阳性也可以是阴性的名词
In general, words referring to human beings can be either masculine or feminine, depending on the sex of the person referred to. Note that the default gender is masculine when the sex of the person is unknown or irrelevant.
总体上来说，那些涉及到人类的名词，既可以是阳性，也可以是阴性的，这决定于所提及的人的性别，要注意的是，这些名词默认的性是阳性，假如所提及的人的性别是未知道或者是与性别毫无干系。
Nouns of this type end in -ante/-ente/-inte, e.g. estudante ‘student’, gerente ‘manager’,ouvinte ‘listener’; -cida,3 e.g. suicida ‘suicide (victim)’; -ense, e.g. canadense ‘Canadian’;-ista, e.g. dentista ‘dentist’; -ta, e.g. diplomata ‘diplomat’, idiota ‘idiot’, vietnamita ‘Vietnamese’ and some other nationalities, such as belga ‘Belgian’, etíope ‘Ethiopian’.
这类的名词以下面结尾 -ante/-ente/-inte, e.g.estudante ‘student’学生, gerente ‘manager’经理,ouvinte ‘listener’;听众 -cida, e.g. suicida ‘suicide (victim)’; 自杀行为 -ense, e.g. canadense ‘Canadian’; 加拿大人 -ista, e.g. dentista ‘dentist’;牙科医生 -ta, e.g. diplomata ‘diplomat’外交官, idiota ‘idiot’白痴, vietnamita ‘Vietnamese’ 越南人 和其他国籍和民族群体, 例如 belga ‘Belgian’ 比利时人, etíope ‘Ethiopian’ 埃塞俄比亚人.
3 Nouns ending in -cida that refer to chemical products are masculine, e.g. inseticida ‘insecticide’.那些以-cida结尾的化学产品名词是阳性的，例如，inseticida ‘insecticide’. 杀虫剂
Other members of this category are: caipira ‘hick’, camarada ‘mate, comrade’, chapa ‘buddy’, colega ‘friend, colleague’, comparsa ‘sidekick, partner in crime’, cúmplice ‘accomplice’, fã ‘fan’, herege ‘heretic’, intérprete ‘interpreter’, mártir ‘martyr’, modelo ‘(fashion) model’, personagem ‘character’ (in a story) and sósia ‘double, lookalike’.
这一类别的其它名词还有caipira ‘hick’ 乡下人, camarada ‘mate, comrade’ 同志, chapa ‘buddy’, 老兄colega ‘friend, colleague’朋友, comparsa ‘sidekick, partner in crime’ 死党； 好友, cúmplice ‘accomplice’ 帮凶, fã ‘fan’, herege ‘heretic’ 异教徒, intérprete ‘interpreter’翻译员, mártir ‘martyr’, 烈士modelo ‘(fashion) model’型号, personagem ‘character’ (in a story)角色 and sósia ‘double, lookalike’. 两面派
Note that many originally single-gender nouns become two-gender when used to refer to human beings: âncora ‘TV anchorperson’, mão de vaca (informal) ‘skinflint’, segurança ‘security guard, bodyguard’, etc.
要注意到的是，当某些名词涉及人类的时候，许多原来单性名词变为了双性名词，例如âncora ‘TV anchorperson’ 电视节目主持人, mão de vaca (informal) ‘skinflint’ 吝啬鬼，一毛不拔的人, segurança ‘security guard, bodyguard’保镖
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