Posted on 2009-10-12 17:59
dennis 阅读(1900)
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动态语言
字符串操作是任何一门编程语言中最常用的操作之一,scheme也提供了一系列procudure来操作字符串。
1、字符串的比较,有6个,分别是string=? string>? string<? string>=? string<=?
这与其他语言中对string的比较并无不同,比较字符和长度。
例子:
(string=? "mom" "mom")
#t
(string<? "mom" "mommy")
#t
(string>? "Dad" "Dad")
#f
(string=? "Mom and Dad" "mom and dad")
#f
(string<? "a" "b" "c")
#t
注意这些比较操作是大小写敏感。相应的,大小写不敏感的版本:
procedure: (string-ci=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci<? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci>? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci<=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
procedure: (string-ci>=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
2、从字符构造字符串,使用string过程
(string #\a) => "a"
(string #\a #\b #\c) => "abc"
注意,换行字符是#\newline,回车字符是#\return
3、重复N个字符构造字符串
(make-string) => ""
(make-string 4 #\a) =>"aaaa")
4、字符串长度 string-length
(string-length "") =>0
(string-length "dennis") => 6
5、取第N个字符,相当于java中的charAt:
(string-ref "hi there" 0)
#\h
(string-ref "hi there" 5)
#\e
6、修改字符串的第N个字符:
(string-set! "hello" 0 #\H) => "Hello"
7、拷贝字符串:
(let ((str "abc"))
(eq? str (string-copy str))) => #f
(let ((str "abc"))
(equal? str (string-copy str))) => #t
8、拼接字符串,string-append
(string-append) => ""
(string-append "abc" "defg") => "abcdefg"
9、截取子串
(substring "hi there" 0 1)
"h"
(substring "hi there" 3 6)
"the"
(substring "hi there" 5 5)
""
10、填充字符串
(let ((str (string-copy "sleepy")))
(string-fill! str #\Z)
str)
"ZZZZZZ"
11、与list的相互转换
(string->list "")
()
(string->list "abc")
(#\a #\b #\c)
(list->string '())
""
(list->string '(#\a #\b #\c))
"abc"
(list->string
(map char-upcase
(string->list "abc")))
"ABC"