konhon

        Object    对象
        Class      类
        Object orientation   面向对象技术
        abstraction 抽象
        encapsulation 封装
        attribute  属性
        behavior  行为
        method    方法
        state   状态
        instantiation 实例化
        instance  实例
        constructor  构造方法
        object lieftime 对象生命周期
        identity  标识符
        reference 引用
        garbage collection 垃圾收集

        类的基本UML表示法是一个由三个水平部分组成的矩形。顶端部分用来填写类的名字， 中间部分用来填写属性， 底端部分用来填写类的操作（方法）。根据需要的细节程度，中间和底端部分可以不被包含。
        关联通过类之间的连线来表示，通常标注上关联名称。
        继承的表示法是一个有三角箭头的连线，箭头指向更为通用的类（超类）。
        聚合的表示法是一个有空心菱形的连线，菱形指向整体类。组成使用实心菱形。
        依赖关系在语言中体现为局部变量，方法参量，以及对静态方法的调用。
        UML通过使用一个空心的三角箭头指向泛化来表示继承。
        在UML中, 接口的表示大部分类似于类的表示, 但是包括了<<interface>>或一个圆圈,  以表明它是一个接口而不是一个类, 接口没有任何属性, 因此属性部分通常被省略.实现接口的类使用一个虚线来实现连接, 而不是使用实线的泛化连接.

         association 关联
         hierarchy 层次结构
         mulitiplicity 多重性
         whole/part 整体/部分
         has-a 拥有                  
         part-of 部分
        aggregation 聚合
        composition  组合
        generalization/specialization 泛化/特殊化
        is-a 是
        inheritance 断承
        subclass 子类
        derived 派生类
        superclass 超类
        root class 根类
        overriding 重载
        default behaviors 缺省行为
        inheritance single 单继承
        inheritance multiple 多重继承
        interface 接口
        implements 实现 
        polymorphism  多态
        dynamic binding 动态绑定
        abstract class 抽象类
        concrete class 具体类
        visibility 可见性

一个在普通用户下设置DNS的例子

unit uMain;

interface

uses
  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
  Dialogs, StdCtrls, Registry;

type
  _STARTUPINFOW = record
    cb: DWORD;
    lpReserved: LPWSTR;
    lpDesktop: LPWSTR;
    lpTitle: LPWSTR;
    dwX: DWORD;
    dwY: DWORD;
    dwXSize: DWORD;
    dwYSize: DWORD;
    dwXCountChars: DWORD;
    dwYCountChars: DWORD;
    dwFillAttribute: DWORD;
    dwFlags: DWORD;
    wShowWindow: Word;
    cbReserved2: Word;
    lpReserved2: PByte;
    hStdInput: THandle;
    hStdOutput: THandle;
    hStdError: THandle;
  end;
  STARTUPINFOW = _STARTUPINFOW;

  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    Button2: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    procedure DoOperation(aCmd: string);
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

function CreateProcessWithLogonW(lpUserName, lpDomain, lpPassword: LPCWSTR;
  dwLogonFlags: DWORD; lpApplicationName: LPCWSTR; lpCommandLine: LPWSTR;
  dwCreationFlags: DWORD; lpEnvironment: Pointer; lpCurrentDirectory: LPCWSTR;
  const lpStartupInfo: STARTUPINFOW; var lpProcessInformation: PROCESS_INFORMATION): BOOL; stdcall;
external advapi32 Name 'CreateProcessWithLogonW'

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure DelRegCache;
begin
  with TRegistry.Create do
  try
    RootKey := HKEY_CURRENT_USER;
    DeleteKey('Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\TypedURLs');
  finally
    Free;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.DoOperation(aCmd: string);
var
  STARTUPINFO: StartupInfoW;
  ProcessInfo: TProcessInformation;
  AUser, ADomain, APass, AExe: WideString;
const
  LOGON_WITH_PROFILE = $00000001;
  LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY = $00000002;
begin
  Screen.Cursor := crHourGlass;
  try
    FillChar(STARTUPINFO, SizeOf(StartupInfoW), #0);
    STARTUPINFO.cb := SizeOf(StartupInfoW);
    STARTUPINFO.dwFlags := STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
    STARTUPINFO.wShowWindow := SW_SHOW;
    AUser := 'administrator';
    APass := '123';
    ADomain := 'domain';
    AExe := aCmd;
    if not CreateProcessWithLogonW(PWideChar(AUser), PWideChar(ADomain),
      PWideChar(APass),
      LOGON_WITH_PROFILE, nil, PWideChar(AExe),
      NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, nil, nil, STARTUPINFO, ProcessInfo) then
      RaiseLastOSError;
    WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInfo.hProcess, INFINITE);
  finally
    Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  DoOperation('netsh interface ip add dns "區域連線" 192.168.10.81 1');
  DoOperation('netsh interface ip add dns "區域連線" 202.96.128.166 2');
  Application.MessageBox('操作完成!', 'CrackNet', MB_OK + 64);
end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  DelRegCache;
  DoOperation('netsh interface ip set dns "區域連線" dhcp');
end;

procedure TForm1.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
  Hide;
  Button2.Click;
end;

end.

电话英语：接到英语电话时要说的话

 

应急用语<说明>：不擅长说英语的人接到英语电话时，千万不要手足无措，可用下述几种方式沉着应答。

 

(1) 请稍待片刻。

Just a moment, please.

(2) 请别挂断。我找一位会说英语的人来。

Hold the line, please. I'll get an English speaker.

(3) 请等一下。我找个人来听。

Hold on, please. I'll get someone to the phone.

(4) 很抱歉，我英语说得不好。我找位会讲英语的人稍后回电话给你。请教您的大名及电话号码？

I'm sorry, I don't speak English well. I'll have an English speaker call you back later. May I have your name and telephone number?

 

接电话的开场白<说明>：拿起话筒的时候，可先用"Hello." "Good morning." "Good afternoon."等问候对方，并报上自己的公司名、部门名、姓名等，如此可予人态度亲切的感觉。

 

(1) 早安。这里是正泰贸易公司。我能效劳吗？

Good morning. This is Chengtai Trading Company. May I help you?

(2) 午安。这里是大安商业银行。我能为您效劳吗？

Good afternoon. This is Dan An Commercial Bank. What can I do for you?

(3) 先锋电子。我是吴玛莉。

Pioneer Electronics. This is Mary Wu speaking.

(4) 喂。海外营业部。我是王大明。

Hello. Overseas Sales Department. Taming Wang speaking.

(5) 喂。这里是王公馆。

Hello. This is the Wang residence.

(6) 午安。我是王大明。

Good afternoon. Taming Wang speaking.

(7) 我是杨文凯，请讲。

Wenkai Yang. Speaking.

 

问对方要找谁<说明>：通常对方都会主动说出要找谁，但万一对方说不清楚，或是你没听懂，想再确认的时候，可以用下面的话问清楚。

 

(1) 请问找哪位？

Who do you want to talk [speak] to?

(2) 您找哪位？

Who would you like to speak with?

(3) 请问受话人的尊姓大名？

The name of the person you are calling, please?

(4) 你要打给哪位？

Who are you calling?

 

请教对方的大名<说明>：接获老外打来的电话，应问清楚对方的身分，以便通报相关的当事人或做进一步的处理。

 

(1) 请问是哪位？

Who's calling, please?

(2) 请问您哪位？

Who's speaking, please?

(3) 请教大名好吗？

May I have your name, please?

(4) 请问大名好吗？

May I ask your name?

(5) 请教您的大名。

Your name, please.

(6) 请问您是哪位？

May I ask who's calling, please?

(7) 请问您是谁？

Who is this, please?

(8) 请问是谁？

Who is that calling?

(9) 请告诉我您是哪位？

Who should I say is calling?

(10) 您是哪一位？

Who(m) am I speaking to?

(11) 要我通报您是哪位吗？

Could I tell him who's calling?

(12) 请问您是何人？

Who's that speaking, please?

(13) 请问是哪位打来的？

Who's this calling, please?

 

不明了对方所言时<说明>：听不懂对方的话却硬撑下去，并非明智之举，不如坦白请对方更简单明确的说明清楚。

 

(1) 能说得明确一点吗？

Could you put that in more specific terms?

(2) 我无法确定你的意思。

I'm not sure what you mean.

(3) 很抱歉。我没听懂你的话。

I'm sorry. I couldn't follow you.

(4) 你讲得太快了。我跟不上。

You're talking too fast. I can't keep up.

(5) 请你再多解释一下好吗？

Will you explain a little bit more?

(6) 你能说得简单一点吗？

Could you put that more simply?

(7) 恐怕我没听懂。能请你再说一遍吗？

I'm afraid I didn't understand that. Could you say that again, please?

(8) 对不起，我没听到，请你再说一遍好吗？

Excuse me, but I didn't hear that, would you mind repeating it, please?

(9) 抱歉，我没听懂，请您拼一下好吗？

Sorry, but I didn't catch that, would you mind spelling it, please?

 

各种附和、质疑、同意、否定的用语<说明> 通话当中需借助各种或表附和，或表惊讶，或表欣喜，或表婉惜，或表疑问，或表否定的短语，以利谈话的顺利推展。

 

<1>表惊讶

(1) 真的呀？

Really?

(2) 什么？

What?

(3) 别开玩笑！

You're kidding!

<2>表欣喜

(1) 好极了！

Great!

(2) 太棒了！

Fantastic!

(3) 棒极了！

Terrific!

(4) 哇！

Wow!

<3>表婉惜

(1) 真糟糕。

That's too bad.

(2) 真可惜！

What a shame!

(3) 听到这样我很难过。

I'm sorry to hear that.

(4) 喔，原来如此。

Oh, I see.

<5>表同意

(1) 没错。

Right.

(2) 正是。

Exactly.

(3) 是的，一点也没错。

I'll say.

(4) 你说得对极了。

You can say that again.

(5) 好的。

OK.

<6>表不同意

(1) 我可不以为然。

I don't think so.

(2) 不成！

No way!

(3) 不！

No.

(4) 喔，得了吧！

Oh, come on!

(5) 事实上不然。

Not really.

 

通话将毕时的结尾语<说明>：通话接近尾声，经常要来上几句客套话，以作为道别的前奏曲。请灵活应用下列各句，免得该收场时却不知如何下手。

 

(1) 谢谢你来电。

Thank you for calling.

(2) 感谢你打给我。

It was kind of you to call me.

(3) 很高兴跟你谈话。

Nice talking to you.

(4) 让我们尽快聚聚。

Let's get together soon.

(5) 我该挂电话了。

I'd better get off the phone.

(6) 请随时再打电话给我。

Call me again any time.

(7) 有空请再打电话来。

Call again when you've got time.

(8) 请代我问候珍妮。

My best wishes to Jane.

(9) 请一定要再来电话喔。

Please do call again.

(10) 我随时高兴接到你的电话。

I'm always glad to hear from you.

(11) 想聊的时候请随时来电。

Call again anytime you feel like talking.

(12) 谢谢你回我电话，再见。

Thanks for returning my call, good-bye.

(13) 让我们保持联络，再见。

Let's keep in touch, good-bye.

(14) 那么下周二见。

See you next Tuesday, then.

1.CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE ROME AS　　
　　AS
　　TYPE RefCursor IS REF CURSOR;
　　Function GetCompany(key IN char) return RefCursor;
　　END;
　　/
　　CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY ROME IS
　　IS
　　Function GetCompany(key IN char) return RefCursor
　　Is
　　v_temp RefCursor;
　　BEGIN
　　OPEN v_temp FOR
　　SELECT * FROM Company WHERE com_ID =key;
　　return v_temp;
　　END GetCompany;
　　END;
　　
　　2.(适用于PLSQL类型)
　　
　　Type shifts_ty is RECORD(
　　comp_code　　varchar2(10),
　　SHIFT_CODE　　varchar2(10),
　　sft_flg　　　　varchar2(10),
　　beg_tm　　　　number,
　　end_tm　　　　number,
　　skills　　　　varchar2(10)) ;
　　Type shifts is Table of shifts_ty index by binary_integer;
　　
　　FUNCTION test_proc(test varchar2)
　　
　　return shifts is
　　shiftspkg SHIFTS;　 --表变量shiftspkg
　　
　　cursor q1 is select
　　shifts.comp_code,shifts.shift_code,shifts.WRK_BEG_TM,shifts.WRK_end_TM,
　　shifts.skills from str_shifts shifts where comp_code ='TSI';　--str_shifts是与表变量shiftspkg结构完全相同的真实表
　　qty q1%rowtype;
　　begin
　　
　　open q1;
　　loop
　　fetch q1 into qty;
　　exit when q1%notfound;
　　
　　for iCount in 1.. qty.skills.count
　　loop
　　shiftspkg(icount).comp_code:= qty.comp_code;
　　shiftspkg(icount).SHIFT_CODE:= qty.shift_code;
　　shiftspkg(icount).sft_flg:= 'SLOTS';
　　shiftspkg(icount).beg_tm:= qty.wrk_beg_tm;
　　shiftspkg(icount).end_tm:= qty.wrk_end_tm;
　　shiftspkg(icount).skills:= qty.skills(icount);
　　end loop;
　　end loop;
　　return　　shiftspkg;
　　end;
　　end;
　　
　　3.使用于SQL类型
　　
　　create or replace type myScalarType as object
　　( comp_code varchar2(10),
　　shift_code varchar2(10),
　　sft_flg　　　　varchar2(10),
　　beg_tm　　　　number,
　　end_tm　　　　number,
　　skills　　　　varchar2(10)
　　)
　　
　　create or replace type myArrayType as table of myScalarType
　　
　　FUNCTION test_proc(test varchar2) return myArrayType
　　is
　　l_data　myArrayType := myArrayType()　;
　　begin
　　for i in 1 .. 5
　　loop
　　l_data.extend;
　　l_data( l_data.count ) := myScalarType( 'cc-'||i,
　　'sc-'||i,
　　'flg-'||i,
　　i,
　　i,
　　test||i );
　　end loop;
　　
　　return l_data;
　　end;
　　
　　end;
　　
　　select *
　　from THE ( select cast( pkg_test.test_proc('hello') as myArrayType )
　　from dual ) a
　　或
　　select *
　　from table ( cast( my_function() as mytabletype　 ) )
　　order by seq

平时在PL/SQL中的编程中遇到一些问题，这里以问答的形式来进行把它们总结下来，以供大家分享。 　
　　
　　1、当需要向表中装载大量的数据流或者需要处理大量的数据流的时候，能否使用管道提高处理效率？
　　
　　管道函数对于改善并行查询的性能非常方便，它加快往表中加载数据的速度。管道函数的使用总结如下两点：
　　
　　每当在查询里使用PL/SQL函数时，该查询将被序列化，即一个处理器只能运行一个查询实例，那么在这种情况下不可能使用并行查询（比如在数据仓库中要经常使用这项技术）。因此，为了使用并行查询就必须使用管道函数，这样也就加快了执行的速度。
　　
　　管道函数的输入参数必须是一个引用记录集类型（即ref cursor），而返回的是嵌套表类型（其表中每一行对应每一个引用记录）。在使用管道函数之前，必须先在程序头写上PARALLEL_ENABLE，这样才能在查询语句中使用管道函数来处理了。
　　
　　2． 如何使PL/SQL程序等待一段时间执行？
　　
　　方法就是使用DBMS_LOCK包的SLEEP函数，可以进行精确定时，其语法为：
　　
　　DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP (seconds IN NUMBER);
　　
　　3．需要在一张表插入一条记录之后等若干秒后再执行另外一个操作，如何在PL/SQL程序里进行定时操作？
　　
　　一般的做法是用循环作延迟，利用 DBMS_UTILITY的gettime函数来检测当前的时间，程序代码如下：
　　
　　DECLARE
　　v_delaytime CONSTANT INTEGER := 100;
　　v_starttime INTEGER ;
　　v_endtime INTEGER ;
　　BEGIN
　　V_starttime := DBMS_UTILITY.get_time;
　　V_endtime := DBMS_UTILITY.get_time;
　　While abs(V_endtime- V_starttime)< v_delaytime loop
　　/*空循环或者简单的耗时执行语句*/
　　End loop;
　　END;
　　/
　　
　　另外如果是不同会话（session）之间的定时，就必须使用DBMS_PIPE包的函数来实现会话间的消息传递。
　　
　　4．当PL/SQL返回一个数据集的时候，该使用集合还是游标？
　　
　　一般情况下，有以下两点作为依据：
　　
　　1) 如果PL/SQL程序返回多多行数据给另外一个PL/SQL程序的话，这里就建议使用集合，因为这样可以利用集合的批收集（bulk collection）来提高从数据库提取数据的速度。
　　
　　2) 如果需要在PL/SQL程序的环境中把数据返回到宿主语言环境中（如Sql*plus,c,delphi等），这时应该使用游标变量来返回这些数据，因为几乎所有的宿主语言都支持游标变量，但不是所有的宿主语言都支持集合。这样可以增强程序的可移植性。
　　
　　5．如何更有效的在PL/SQL中使用游标？
　　
　　游标是PL/SQL中一个非常重要的概念，对数据库的检索主要依靠游标来操作。在PL/SQL中有两类游标，一类是隐式游标，如select clno into v_clno from table_detail.另外一类是显式游标，如cursor v_cur is select clno from table_detail。对于游标的使用这里给出以下几点建议：
　　
　　1) 尽可能的使用bulk collection。它能够较大的提高运行性能，在Oracl9i的第二版，甚至可以使用bulk collection来直接将数据写入到记录表
　　
　　2) 尽量使用显式游标来处理，因为相对于隐式游标来说，显式游标的速度更快一些。
　　
　　3) 如果查询的表很小或者是静态的，可以把该表缓存到一个包级的集合里。这样，你的查询函数就直接从集合里（即进程全局区，PGA cache），而不是从系统全局区（SGA）来取数据，这样的处理速度会提升很多。

在你的工作中是否会为了某个活动要随机取出一些符合条件的EMAIL或者手机号码用户，来颁发获奖通知或其它消息？
　　
　　如果是的话，可以用oracle里生成随机数的PL/SQL, 目录文件名在：/ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmsrand.sql。
　　
　　用之前先要在sys用户下编译:
　　
　　SQL>@/ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmsrand.sql
　　
　　它实际是在sys用户下生成一个dbms_random程序包，同时生成公有同义词，并授权给所有数据库用户有执行的权限。
　　
　　使用dbms_random程序包, 取出随机数据的方法：
　　
　　1. 先创建一个唯一增长的序列号tmp_id
　　
　　create sequence tmp_id increment by 1 start with 1 maxvalue 9999999 nocycle nocache;
　　
　　2. 然后创建一个临时表tmp_1，把符合本次活动条件的记录全部取出来。
　　
　　create table tmp_1 as select tmp_id.nextval as id,email,mobileno from 表名 where 条件;
　　
　　找到最大的id号：
　　
　　select max(id) from tmp_1;
　　
　　假设为5000
　　
　　3. 设定一个生成随机数的种子
　　
　　execute dbms_random.seed(12345678);
　　
　　或者
　　
　　execute dbms_random.seed(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MM-DD-YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
　　
　　4. 调用随机数生成函数dbms_random.value生成临时表tmp_2
　　
　　假设随机取200个
　　
　　create table tmp_2 as select trunc(dbms_random.value(1,5000)) as id from tmp_1 where rownum<201;
　　
　　[ 说明：dbms_random.value(1,5000)是取1到5000间的随机数，会有小数,
　　trunc函数对随机数字取整，才能和临时表的整数ID字段相对应。
　　
　　注意：如果tmp_1记录比较多(10万条以上)，也可以找一个约大于两百行的表(假如是tmp_3)来生成tmp_2
　　
　　create table tmp_2 as select trunc(dbms_random.value(1,5000)) as id from tmp_3 where rownum<201; ]
　　
　　5. tmp_1和tmp_2相关联取得符合条件的200用户
　　
　　select t1.mobileno,t1.email from tmp_1 t1,tmp_2 t2 where t1.id=t2.id;
　　
　　[ 注意：如果tmp_1记录比较多(10万条以上)，需要在id字段上建索引。]
　　
　　也可以输出到文本文件：
　　
　　set pagesize 300;
　　spool /tmp/200.txt;
　　select t1.mobileno,t1.email from tmp_1 t1,tmp_2 t2 where t1.id=t2.id order by t1.mobileno;
　　spool off;
　　
　　6. 用完后，删除临时表tmp_1、tmp_2和序列号tmp_id。

写一些关于PL/SQL的语法，免得等到用到的时候还要去乱翻。 　　１。控制流程(if,while) 　　２。循环(for) 　　３。游标(cursor) 　　４。异常处理(exception） 　　 　　1。控制流程（） 　　 　　A.条件语句 　　IF <statement> THEN 　　PL/SQL 　　END IF; 　　 　　IF <statement> THEN 　　PL/SQL 　　ELSE 　　PL/SQL 　　END IF; 　　 　　IF <statement> THEN 　　PL/SQL 　　ELSIF <statement> THEN 　　PL/SQL 　　END IF; 　　 　　2。循环 　　 　　A.simple loop 　　LOOP 　　SQL 　　EXIT WHEN <statement>; 　　END LOOP; 　　 　　LOOP 　　SQL 　　IF <statement> THEN 　　EXIT; 　　END IF; 　　END LOOP; 　　 　　B.While loop 　　WHILE　<statement> LOOP 　　SQL 　　END LOOP; 　　 　　C.For loop 　　FOR $counter in $low .. $high LOOP 　　SQL 　　END LOOP 　　 　　3。游标 　　 　　在PL/SQL程序中定义的游标叫做显式游标。 　　 　　A.显式游标的处理由四个部分组成： 　　cursor $cursorname is $Query;　　　--定义游标 　　open $cursorname;　　　　　　　　　--打开游标 　　fetch $cursorname into $othervariable　　--把游标中的东西取出 　　close $cursorname　　--关闭游标 　　 　　B.游标属性 　　%found　　　　 布尔型属性，当最近一次读纪录成功时，为true. 　　%nofound　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　失败时，为false. 　　%isopen 　　%rowcount　　　返回已从游标中读取的记录数。 　　 　　C.参数化游标 　　 　　所有的SQL语句在上下文区内部都是可执行的，因此都有一个游标指向上下文区，此游标就是所谓的SQL游标。 　　 　　与显式游标不同，SQL游标不被程序打开和关闭。 　　 　　4.异常处理概念 　　 　　异常处理是用来处理正常执行过程中未预料的事件。如果PL/SQL程序块一旦产生异常而又没有指出如何处理时，程序会自动终止。 　　 　　异常处理部分放在PL/SQL的后半部分，结构为： 　　 　　EXCEPTION 　　WHEN first_exception THEN <code to handle first exception> 　　WHEN second_exception THEN <code to handle second exception> 　　WHEN OTHERS THEN <code to handle second exception>　--OTHERS必须放在最后 　　 　　异常分为预定义和用户定义两种。 　　 　　用户定义的异常是通过显式使用RAISE语句来引发。如 　　 　　DECLARE 　　e_TooManyStudents EXCEPTION;　-- 类型为Exception，用于指示错误条件 　　v_CurrentStudents NUMBER(3);　-- HIS-101学生注册当前号 　　v_MaxStudents NUMBER(3);　　　-- HIS-101学生注册允许的最大号 　　 　　BEGIN 　　/* 找出注册学生当前号和允许的最大号 */ 　　 　　SELECT current_students, max_students 　　 　　INTO v_CurrentStudents, v_MaxStudents 　　 　　FROM classes 　　 　　WHERE department = 'HIS' AND course = 101; 　　 　　/* 检查学生的号 */ 　　 　　IF v_CurrentStudents > v_MaxStudents THEN 　　 　　/* 太多的学生注册，则触发例外处理 */ 　　 　　RAISE e_TooManyStudents; 　　 　　END IF; 　　 　　EXCEPTION 　　 　　WHEN e_TooManyStudents THEN 　　 　　/* 当太多的学生注册，就插入信息解释发生过错误 */ 　　 　　INSERT INTO log_table (info) VALUES ('History 101 has ' || v_CurrentStudents || 　　 　　'students: max allowed is ' || v_MaxStudents); 　　 　　END; 　　 　　END; 　　 　　用户定义的的异常处理 　　 　　可以使用RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR来创建自己的错误处理： 　　 　　RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(error_number,error_message,[keep_errors]); 　　 　　其中error_number是从-20000到-20999之间的参数；error_message是相应的提示信息，小于512字节。如： 　　 　　CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Register ( 　　p_StudentID IN students.id%TYPE, 　　p_Department IN classes.department%TYPE, 　　p_Course IN classes.course%TYPE) AS 　　v_CurrentStudents NUMBER;　-- 班上学生的当前号 　　v_MaxStudents NUMBER;　　　-- 班上学生的最大号 　　 　　BEGIN 　　/* 找出学生的当前号和最大号 */ 　　SELECT current_students, max_students 　　INTO v_CurrentStudents, v_MaxStudents 　　FROM classes 　　WHERE course = p_Course 　　AND department = p_Department; 　　 　　/* 确认另外的学生是否有足够的教室*/ 　　IF v_CurrentStudents + 1 > v_MaxStudents THEN 　　RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Can''t add more students to ' || 　　p_Department || ' ' || p_Course); 　　END IF; 　　 　　/* 加一个学生在本班 */ 　　ClassPackage.AddStudent(p_StudentID, p_Department, p_Course); 　　 　　EXCEPTION 　　WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN 　　RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, p_Department || ' ' || p_Course || 　　' doesn''t exist!'); 　　END Register;

     一些有用的SQL，都是oracle manage常用的。
　　
　　列在这里做参考，因为太难记了。
　　
　　时时更新。
　　
　　1。监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL 语句
　　
　　SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b
　　where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;
　　
　　2。查看碎片程度高的表
　　
　　SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
　　FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name
　　HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);
　　
　　3。表空间使用状态
　　
　　select a.file_id "FileNo",a.tablespace_name "Tablespace_name",
　　round(a.bytes/1024/1024,4) "Total MB",
　　round((a.bytes-sum(nvl(b.bytes,0)))/1024/1024,4) "Used MB",
　　round(sum(nvl(b.bytes,0))/1024/1024,4) "Free MB",
　　round(sum(nvl(b.bytes,0))/a.bytes*100,4) "%Free"
　　from dba_data_files a, dba_free_space b
　　where a.file_id=b.file_id(+)
　　group by a.tablespace_name,
　　a.file_id,a.bytes order by a.tablespace_name
　　
　　4。查看USER
　　
　　SELECT OSUSER,SERIAL#
　　FROM V$SESSION, V$SQL
　　WHERE
　　V$SESSION.SQL_ADDRESS=V$SQL.ADDRESS AND
　　V$SESSION.STATUS = 'ACTIVE';
　　
　　5。监控 SGA 的命中率
　　
　　select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
　　round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
　　from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
　　where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39
　　and c.statistic# = 40;
　　
　　6。监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率
　　
　　select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",
　　(1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"
　　from v$rowcache
　　where gets+getmisses <>0
　　group by parameter, gets, getmisses;
　　
　　7。监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
　　
　　select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
　　from v$librarycache;
　　
　　8。监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size
　　
　　SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');
　　
　　9。哪筆數據正在被人update，而且是被誰正在update
　　
　　select a.os_user_name, a.oracle_username,a.object_id,c.object_name,c.object_type
　　from v$locked_object a, dba_objects c
　　where a.object_id=c.object_id

set linedize 150　 //每行显示的字符 　　set time on　　　　//在提示符前显示系统时间 　　SQL> set time on 　　12:25:08 SQL> 　　 　　set serveroutput on/off　　//输出显示 　　set long 200　　　//每字段显示的字符长度，如某列的值显示不完，调次值 　　col column_name format a10　//显示列的宽度 　　 　　set linedize 150　 //每行显示的字符 　　set time on　　　　//在提示符前显示系统时间 　　SQL> set time on 　　12:25:08 SQL> 　　 　　set serveroutput on/off　　//输出显示 　　set long 200　　　//每字段显示的字符长度，如某列的值显示不完，调次值 　　col column_name format a10　//显示列的宽度 　　col ename heading 雇员　　//别名显示 　　 　　spool d:\temp\sqlout.txt　//输出为文档 　　spool off 　　 　　SQL> alter session set NLS_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN'; 改变session的语言显示 　　SQL> alter session set NLS_LANGUAGE='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'; 　　 　　SQL> set timi on //显示提示SQL语句执行所花的时间

601 I've been part of this project since its beginning.

从一开始我就参与这个计划。

602 I'm Clifton, and I've been associated with this project since the beginning.

我叫克里夫敦，从一开始我就参与了这项计划。

603 Please look at the data of this first chart.

请看第一幅图表的数据。

604 The data confirm that this product is safe and effective.

数据证实此种产品安全有效。

605 As you can see in this photo, we've retained the same style which was so popular in this old model.

正如你在这张图片上所看到的，同风格的这种旧型产品非常流行，我们保留了它。

606 Now, we're doing something new making skin strong enough that it doesn't wrinkle, become dry, or develop blemishes.

现在我们正在做一些改进，使皮质变得坚韧而不致有皱纹，变干或产生磨损。

607 The X2500 has the unique feature of providing better data flow with less input time.

这种X2500型的特点就是减少输入时间，使资料更为顺畅。

608 Compared to the previous model, our new model is less expensive and easier to use.

与旧型机比较我们的新型价格便宜且更容易操作。

609 It's available in a variety of sizes at convenience stores and department stores as well.

有各种大小型号，在便利商店和百货公司均有。

610 This is a revolutionary new product.

这是一种革命性的新产品。

611 The X2500 will change your work in the office.

X2500将会改变你在办公室的工作。

612 We now have five different models to choose from.

我们现在有五种不同的型号供你选择。

613 Now, ladies and gentlemen, I'd be happy to answer any questions that you might have.

各位女士各位先生，现在你们有任何问题我都乐意答复。

614 Are there any questions?

还有什么问题吗？

615 Do you have any questions at this point?

就这一点你们还有什么问题吗？

616 If you have no questions, may I go on to the next stage?

如果你们没有问题了，我可以进行下一阶段吗？

617 Now, I'd be happy to answer your questions.

现在，我乐意答复你们的问题。

618 I'd like to allow anyone to ask whatever questions they may have.

我乐意接受任何人提出的任何问题。

619 Your question is how we developed our product?

你的问题是我们是如何发展我们的产品？

620 For those of you that didn't hear it, the question was how soon we could expect the product to be on sale.

你们并未听说过，问题是产品多快能上市。

621 When can we expect its delivery?

什么时间能发货呢？

622 It's already in production, so you can expect it in stores before the end of the month.

产品已投产了，所以月底前你可以获得。

623 When do you expect to have this ready for sale?

你希望此种商品何时上市出售呢？

624 What's the suggested retail price?

建议零售价格是多少呢？

625 What do you expect it to go for?

你们的试销情况如何？

626 How did you decide that product was safe?

你怎样决定产品是安全的呢？

627 What's the basis of your belief that the product is safe?

你凭什么相信产品是安全的？

628 I'd like to know how you reached your conclusions.

我想知道你们是如何得出结论的。

629 How much will it cost?

这种商品成本价是多少？

630 We've priced it at $ 98, almost 30% less than the competition.

我们订价为98美元，几乎少于竞争对手30%。

631 What does the test marketing show?

试销说明了什么？

632 It was well-received in all markets, so a gain of three market share points can be expected.

这在所有市场销售良好，所以获得三成的市场占有率是指日可待的。

633 I'd say the expected delivery date should be by the end of the month.

我得说预定发货日期应该在本月底。

634 The end of next month looks like the most probable sales date.

下个月底好像是最佳的销售日。

635 We're aiming its price for $ 98.

我们订价为98美元。

636 To answer the first part of your question, I'd like to say that our studies were very extensive.

你问题的第一部分，我要说的就是我们的研究非常广泛。

637 If you have further questions, please contact the people listed on the last page of the report.

如果你还有问题的话，请和报告最后一页名单上的人员联系。

638 Excuse me. Are you Susan Davis from Western Electronics?

对不起，你是来自西方电子公司的苏姗·戴卫斯吗？

639 Yes, I am. And you must be Mr. Takeshita.

是的，我就是，你一定是竹下先生吧。

640 Pardon me. Are you Ralph Meyers from National Fixtures?

对不起，请问你是从国家装置公司来的雷夫·梅耶史先生吗？

641 I'm Dennis. I am here to meet you today.

我是丹尼斯，今天我到这里来接你。

642 I'm Donald. We met the last time you visited Taiwan.

我是唐纳德，上次你来台湾时我们见过面。

643 I'm Edwin. I'll show you to your hotel.

我是爱德温，我带你去旅馆。

644 How was your flight? Was it comfortable?

你坐的班机怎么样？还舒服吗？

645 It was quite good. But it was awfully long.

班机很好，就是时间太长了。

646 Did you have a good flight?

你旅途愉快吗？

647 Not really, I'm afraid. We were delayed taking off, and we encountered a lot of bad weather.

不太好，我们起飞延误了，还遭遇了恶劣的气候。

648 How was your flight?

你的航班怎样？

649 Did you get any sleep on the plane?

你在飞机上睡觉了吗？

650 Mr. Wagner, do you have a hotel reservation?

华格纳先生，你预订过旅馆吗？

651 No, I don't. Will it be a problem?

不，我没有，会有困难吗？

652 I don't think so. I know several convenient hotels. Let me make some calls.

我认为没有，我知道有几家便利旅馆，让我打几个电话。

653 I've made a reservation at the hotel you used last time.

我已预订了你上次住过的旅馆。

654 We've booked a Western-style room for you.

我们已为你订了一间西式的房间。

655 Let's go to the station to get a train into town.

我们到火车站去乘车进城。

656 Does it take long to get into Taibei from here?

从此地去台北要很久吗？

657 It's about an hour.

大概要一个小时。

658 We'll get a taxi from the station.

我们到火车站乘出租车。

659 There's a shuttle bus we can use.

我们可搭乘机场班车。

660 I've brought my car, so I can drive you to your hotel.

我开车来的，所以我开车送你到旅馆。

661 You must be hungry. Shall we get something to eat?

你一定饿了，我们吃点东西好吗？

662 That sounds good. Let's get something at the hotel restaurant. I feel a little tired.

那太棒了，我们就到旅馆餐厅吃点东西，我有点累了。

663 Would you like to have some dinner?

你想吃饭吗？

664 What would you like to eat?

你想吃什么呢？

665 Can I take you out to dinner? It'll be my treat.

我带你出去吃饭好吗？这次我请客。

666 If you're hungry, we can eat dinner now.

如果你饿了，我们现在就去吃饭。

667 Have you had breakfast yet?

你吃过早餐了吗？

668 Yes. It was delicious.

是的，味道很好。

669 Good. Let's go to the office.

好的，我们去办公室吧。

670 How is your room?

你的房间怎样？

671 Did you sleep well last night?

你昨晚睡得好吗？

672 Why don't we go to the office now?

为何我们现在不去办公室呢？

673 We'll start with an orientation video. It runs about 15 minutes.

我们将从一个电视简报开始，大概放15分钟。

674 The tour will take about an hour and a half. We ought to be back here by 3:00.

参观大概要一个半小时，3点钟以前回到这里。

675 Our new product line has been very successful. We've expanded the factory twice this year already.

我们新的生产线非常成功，我们今年已把工厂扩展了两倍。

676 I'd like to introduce you to our company. Is there anything in particular you'd like to know?

我将向你介绍我们的公司，你有什么特别想知道的吗？

677 We have some reports to show you for background information.

我们还有一些报告向你介绍背景资料。

678 Is your factory any different from other plastics factories?

你们工厂和其他塑胶工厂有何差别呢？

679 Yes, our production speed is almost twice the industry-wide average.

是的，我们的生产速度是其他工厂两倍。

680 I'd like to explain what makes this factory special.

我要向你说明本工厂的特性。

681 This is the most fully-automated factory we have.

这是我们的全自动化工厂。

682 It's the most up-to-date in the industry.

这是同业中最新型的。

683 We've increased our efficiency by 20% through automation.

通过自动化我们的效率增加了20%。

684 Could you tell me the cost of production per unit?

请你告诉我每件成品的生产成本好吗？

685 I'm afraid I don't know. Let me ask the supervisor in this section.

恐怕我不知道，让我来询问一下该组的负责人。

686 I'm not really sure about that. Mr. Jiang should know the answer to that.

关于那事我不敢确定，蒋先生应该知道答案。

687 Let me direct that question to the manager.

让我直接问经理好了。

688 I'm not familiar with that part. Let me call someone who is more knowledgeable.

那部分我不熟悉，让我找专业人士来说明。

689 Yes, I'd like to know your daily production.

是的，我想知道你们的日生产额。

690 Is there anything you'd like to know?

你想知道什么？

691 Is there anything I can explain fully?

有什么事情要我详细说明的吗？

692 What did you think of our factories?

你认为我们的工厂怎样？

693 I was impressed very much.

我有深刻的印象。

694 Thank you very much for giving us your valuable time.

我们占用了你宝贵的时间，非常感谢。

695 We have a small gift for you to take with you when you leave the factory.

你离开工厂时，我们有件小礼物要送给你。

696 I want to purchase some computers from your company.

我想从贵公司购买一些电脑。

697 We are very interested in your printed pure silk scarves, could you give us some idea about your price?

我们对贵方的印花真丝围巾很感兴趣，请介绍一下贵方的价格好吗？

698 We'd like to know your availability and conditions of sale of this line.

我们想了解一下你方在这方面的供货能力及销售条件。

699 We are in great need of Grade A.

我们急需一等品。

700 If Grade A is not available, Grade B will do.

如果一等品无货，二等品也可以。

701 We know that you are leading exporters of coal and you can provide the quantity we need.

我们知道贵方是主要煤炭出口商，能满足我们的需求量。

702 Please tell us the Article Number of the Product.

请您把商品货号告诉我们。

703 Could you give me an indication of the price?

您能提供一个参考价吗？

704 We look forward to your quotations for the arts and crafts which we are interested in. 希望贵方对我们感兴趣的工艺品报一下价。

705 Do you offer FOB or CIF?

你们报船上交货价还是到岸价？

706 Please quote us as soon as you receive our inquiry.

请接到我们的询价单后马上给我们报价。

707 Some of our customers have recently expressed interest in your woolen carpets and inquired about their quality and prices.

目前我们的一些客户对你们的纯毛地毯颇有兴趣，并询问其质量和价格。

708 We are thinking of placing an order for your Flying Pigeon Brand bicycles. We would be very grateful if you could make us an offer for 200 ones with details.

我们正打算订购你方的飞鸽牌自行车。如果你们能给我们（购买）200台的详细报盘将不胜感激。

709 Please send us all the data concerning your Hero Brand fountain pens and ball pens, so we can introduce your products to our customers.

请寄给我们有关你方英雄牌自来水笔和圆球笔的资料，以便我们向顾客介绍你们的产品。

710 We think your Chunlan brand air conditioners will be selling well at this end and we are looking forward to receiving your samples soon.

我们认为你方的春兰牌空调机在这里会很畅销，希望很快收到你们的样品。

711 Please send us your price list of quartz clocks.

请寄给我们贵方的石英钟价目单。

712 We must make it clear from the very beginning that competitive quotations are acceptable.

必须一开始就讲清的是，有竞争力的报价可以接受。

713 The above inquiry was forwarded to you on Oct. 10, but we haven't received your reply until now. Your early offer will be highly appreciated.

上述询价已于10月10日发往你方，可是我们到现在还没收到你方答复，请早日发盘不甚感谢。

714 We are looking forward to your reply to our inquiry.

我们期待你方对我方的询盘做出答复。

715 We have confidence in your bamboo wares.

我们对贵方的竹制品质量充满信心。

716 If you don't have the quality inquired for, please offer us its nearest equivalent.

如果贵方没有所要求质量的产品，请提供与之最接近的产品。

717 Thank you for your inquiry. Please tell us the quantity you require so that we can work out the offers.

感谢贵方询价。请告诉我们贵方所需数量以便我方报价。

718 I don't think price is a problem. The most important thing is that how many you can supply.

我认为价格不成问题。最重要的是你方能供货多少。

719 You'd better give us a rough idea of your price.

您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。

720 We are delighted with your products and are thinking of placing an order. The size of our order will depend greatly on your price.

我们对你方的产品非常满意，正欲订购。我们定单的大小主要取决于你方的价格。

721 If your prices are more favorable than those of your competitors we shall send you our order.

如果你方价格比其他竞争对手的优惠，我们将向你们订货。

722 Would you please tell us the price of these electric heaters so as to help us make the decision.

能否告知这些电热器的价格，以便我们作出决定。

723 Please inform us the quantity that can be supplied from stock.

请告知可供现货的数量。

724 We are anxious to know how long it will take you to deliver the goods.

我们急于知道贵方多长时间能交货。

725 We trust that you will quote us your most favorable price for big quantities.

相信由于我方大量订购贵方能报最优惠价格。

726 We trust you can meet our requirements.

相信贵方能满足我们的要求。

727 We hope this will be a good start for profitable business relations and assure you that your offer will receive our careful consideration.

希望这将是我们互利商业往来的良好开端。我们保证将对贵方的报价予以认真的考虑。

728 We usually deal on a 20% trade discount basis with an additional quantity discount for orders over 1000 units.

我们通常给予20%的商业折扣，外加订货1000件以上的数量折扣。

729 We would also like to point out that we mainly settle our accounts on a documents-against-acceptance basis.

我们还想指出我们主要以承兑交单方式结帐。

730 We would appreciate it if you let us know whether you allow cash or trade discounts.

若能告知你方是否给现金折扣或商业折扣，将不胜感激。

731 We intend to place large regular orders, and would therefore like to know what quantity discounts you allow.

我方将定期大量订购，因此想知道你方给多少数量折扣。

732 Provided you can offer favorable quotations and guarantee delivery within four weeks from receipt of order, we will place regular orders with you.

贵方若能报优惠价并保证在收到定单后4周内交货，我方将定期订购。

733 We would like to point out that delivery before Christmas is essential and hope you can offer us that guarantee.

我们想指出圣诞节前交货很重要并希望贵方能就此向我们作出保证。

734 Prompt delivery would be necessary as we have a fast turnover in this trade. We would therefore need your assurance that you could meet all delivery dates.

即期交货很重要，因为这种货流转很快。所以我们需要你方保证及时交货。

735 We are delighted to know that you deal with export of Chinese chinaware. Could you supply us 300 sets of tableware for shipment before the end of May?

欣悉你方是中国瓷器出口商。能否给我方供应300套餐具，五月底前交货。

736 We want to purchase Chinese tea. Please send us your best offer by fax indicating origin packing, quantity available and the earliest time of shipment.

我们欲购中国茶。请用电传给我们报最好价，并说明产地、包装、可供数量及最早发货日期。

737 Please quote us your price on FOB basis, indicating the postage for dispatch by parcel post to Dalian via Tianjin.

请报FOB价，注明邮寄包裹途经青岛至大连的邮资。

738 Could you please let us know what discount you can give for an order exceeding 400 sets?

能否告知定货超过400台你方所能给的折扣。

739 Since we are likely to place sizable orders regularly we hope that you will make some special concessions.

由于我方将定期大批量订购，希望贵方作出一些特殊的让步。

740 We do business on a commission basis. A commission on your prices would make it easier for us to promote sales. Even 2 or 3 percent would help.

我们是通过取得佣金来进行商业活动的。从你方价格中收取佣金，便于我方推销。即便只有2%或3%也行。

741 I understand all your prices are on CIF basis. We'd rather have you quote us FOB prices.

得知你方报的都是到岸价，希望能给我们报船上交货价。

742 Would you please give us a rough idea of the quantity you require?

请告知你方大概要订多少？

743 We handle export of microwave ovens and would take the liberty to send you our price list for your reference.

我们经营微波炉出口业务，现冒昧给你方寄去我方报价单供参考。

744 We were pleased to hear from your letter of 6 August that you were impressed with our selection of toys.

我们很高兴收到你方8月6日来函得知你方对我们的玩具非常感兴趣。

745 We have a wide selection of sweaters that will appeal to all ages, and in particular the teenager market which you specified.

我们有各种各样适合各个年龄层次的羊毛衫，特别是您专门提到的青少年市场。

746 Our factory would have no problem in turning out the 2000 units you asked for in your inquiry.

我们工厂完全可以生产出你方询价单中要求的2000件货品。

747 We can supply from stock and will have no trouble in meeting your delivery date.

我们可提供现货并按你方所定日期交货。

748 I am pleased to say that we will be able to deliver the transport facilities you require.

很高兴告诉您你方要求的运输设备我方可以发货。

749 We can offer door-to-door delivery services.

我们可提供送货上门服务。

750 We can assure you that our products are the most outstanding ones on the market today, and we offer a five-year guarantee.

我们可以向您保证我方产品是当今市场上最好的，并且可提供5年保修期。

751 Please find enclosed our current catalogue and price-list quoting CIF New York.

随函附上我方最新的产品目录及CIF纽约报价单。

752 The samples you asked for will follow by separate post.

贵方所要样品另行邮寄。

753 Our stock of this commodity is limited, please place your order without delay.

我方此类商品的存货有限，请尽快订货。

754 Here is a price list together with a booklet illustrating our products.

这儿有一份价目单和介绍说明我方产品的小册子。

755 All our garments are now poly-cotton, which is stronger, needs little ironing, and allows variations in patterns.

现在我们的服装都是涤棉料的，质地坚韧，不用熨烫并且花样繁多。

756 We hope to hear from you soon and can assure you that your order will be dealt with promptly.

希望尽快收到贵方答复，我们保证及时处理对方定单。

757 I hope we can conclude the transaction at this price.

希望我们能就此价格达成交易。

758 I am sorry that we are unable to make you an offer for the time being.

很抱歉目前我们不能报盘。

759 Thank you for your inquiry, but we cannot make you an offer right now because we are presently unable to obtain appropriate materials.

谢谢贵方询价，但我们不能马上发盘，因为目前我们得不到合适的原料。

760 Since Tom Lee is our sole agent for our products in Korea, we can't make you a direct offer.

因为汤姆·李是我方产品在韩国的独家代理人，所以我们不能直接向您发盘。

761 The goods we offered last week are running out, therefore, the offer terminates on 20th July.

上周我们报价的货物现已售完，所以，此报价在7月20日终止。

762 We no longer manufacture pure cotton shirts as their retail prices tend only to attract that upper end of the market.

我方已不再生产纯棉衬衫因为其零售价格只能吸引高档消费者。

763 Referring to your inquiry letter dated 29th September, we are offering you the following subject to our final confirmation.

关于贵方9月29日的询价信，我方就如下产品报价，以我方最后确认为准。

764 At your request, we are offering you the following items. This offer will remain open within 3 days.

应你方要求，我方就如下产品报价，此报价3日内有效。

765 Against your enquiry, we are pleased to make you a special offer as follows and hope to receive your trial order in the near future.

根据你方要求，我方很高兴就如下商品向你方特殊报价，希望不久能收到你方的试订单。

766 This is our official offer for each item, CIF Shanghai.

这是我方对每项产品的CIF上海的正式报价。

767 This offer is firm subject to your acceptance reaching us not later than December 15.

此报盘为实盘，但以我方在12月15日前收到你方答复为准。

768 This offer remains open until 10th February, beyond which date the terms and prices should be negotiated anew.

此盘有效期至2月10日，超过此期限条件及价格需重新协商。

769 This price is subject to change without notice.

此价格可以不经通知自行调整。

770 The offer isn't subject to prior sale.

本报盘以货物未售出为条件。

781 I think your price is on the high side.

我认为贵方价格偏高。

782 Your price is 20% higher than that of last year.

你方价格比去年高出20%。

783 It must be rather difficult for us to push any sales if we buy it at this price.

如果我们按这个价格购买，将很能难推销。

784 Competition for this kind of goods is tough.

这种商品的竞争非常激烈。

785 We can't persuade the end-users to buy your products at this price.

按这个价格，我们不能说服用户购买你们的产品。

786 To conclude the business, you need to cut your price at least by 4%,I believe.

我认为要做成这笔交易，您至少要降价4%。

787 The German quotation is lower than yours.

德国报价比你们的低。

788 You know that some countries are selling this kind of products at cheap prices in large quantities.

您知道有的国家对这种商品正在削价抛售。

789 I'd like to point out that your original price exceeded the market price already. We cannot accept it.

我想指出提你方原始价格已经超出市场价格。我们不能接受。

790 If you do have the sincerity to do business with us, please show me your cards and put them on the table.

如果您确有诚意与我们做生意，请摊牌吧。

791 If your price is unacceptable, our end-users will turn to other suppliers.

如果您的价格难以接受，我们的客户就会转向其他的供应商。

792 If you insist on your original price, I'm afraid you will have little chance to get the business.

如果您坚持原来的价格，恐怕您获得这笔交易的可能性极小。

793 Other suppliers have almost identical goods at the price 10% to 14% cheaper.

别的供应商有和这几乎相同的货，价格便宜10%至14%。

794 The market is declining, we recommend your immediate acceptance.

市场在萎缩，我们建议你方马上接受。

795 I'm glad that we've settled the price.

很高兴我们就价格达成了共识。

796 I appreciate your efforts and cooperation and hope that this will be the forerunner of other transactions in future.

非常感谢贵方的努力与合作，希望这只是我们今后业务往来的开端。

797 What's your counter-offer?

您的还价是多少？

798 It's impossible. You may notice that the cost of raw materials has gone up in recent years.

不可能，您可能注意到了近年来原材料的价格上涨了。

799 Compared with the price in the international market, our quotation is quite reasonable.

和国际市场价格相比，我方报价相比较合理。

800 The price we offered is more favorable than the quotations you can get from our competitors, I'm afraid.

恐怕我方报价比您从我方竞争对手那儿得到的报价更优惠。

801 If you take quality into consideration, you will find our price reasonable.

如果您把质量考虑进去的话，您会发现我方价格是合理的。

802 We guarantee quality products which can stand fierce competition.

我们保证提供能经得起激烈竞争的高质量产品。

803 I still have some questions concerning our contract.

就合同方面我还有些问题要问。

804 We are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions.

我们总是愿意合作的，如果需要还可以做些让步。

805 If you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make.

对这些条款有何意见，请尽管提，不必客气。

806 Do you think there is something wrong with the contract?

你认为合同有问题吗？

807 We'd like you to consider our request once again.

我们希望贵方再次考虑我们的要求。

808 We'd like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract.

我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题。

809 The negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful.

就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功。

810 We can't agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract.

我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改。

811 We hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract.

我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判。

812 We don't have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties.

就合同双方要承担的义务方面，我们没有什么意见。

813 That's international practice. We can't break it.

这是国际惯例，我们不能违背。

814 We are prepared to reconsider amending the contract.

我们可以重新考虑修改合同。

815 We'll have to discuss about the total contract price.

我们不得不讨论一下合同的总价格问题。

816 Do you think the method of payment is OK for you?

你们认为结算方式合适吗？

817 We are really glad to see you so constructive in helping settle the problems as regards the signing of the contract.

我们很高兴您在解决有关合同的问题上如此具有建设性。

818 Here are the two originals of the contract we prepared.

这是我们准备好的两份合同正本。

819 Would you please read the draft contract and make your moments about the terms?

请仔细阅读合同草案，并就合同各条款提出你的看法好吗？

820 When will the contract be ready?

合同何时准备好？

[821 Please sign a copy of our Sales Contract No.156 enclosed here in duplicate and return to us for our file.

请会签第156号销售合同一式两份中的一份，将它寄回我方存档。

822 The contract will be sent to you by air mail for your signature.

合同会航邮给你们签字。

823 Don't you think it necessary to have a close study of the contract to avoid anything missing?

你不觉得应该仔细检查一下合同，以免遗漏什么吗？

824 We have agreed on all terms in the contract. Shall we sign it next week?

我们对合同各项条款全无异议，下周签合同如何？

825 All disputes arising in the course of the consignment period shall be settled amicably through friendly negotiation.

所有在运输途中引起的纠纷都将通过友好协商，妥善加以解决。

826 We'll ship our goods in accordance with the terms of the contract.

我们将按合同条款交货。

827 You can stay assured that shipment will be effected according to the contract stipulation.

你尽管放心，我们将按合同规定如期装船。

828 They've promised to keep both we quality and the quantity of the 300 bicycles in conformity with the contract stipulations.

他们已承诺那300辆自行车的质量和数量一定与合同规定相吻合。

829 We are sure the contract can be carried out smoothly.

我们确信合同会顺利执行的。

830 The machines will be made of the best materials and the stipulations of the contract be strictly observed.

机器将用最好的材料生产，合同的规定也将得以严格履行。

831 The two parties involved in a contract have the obligation to execute the contract.

合同双方有义务履行合同。

832 Unless there is a sudden change of political situation, it is not accepted to execute the contract only partially.

除非有什么突然的政局变化，否则执行部分合同不能被接受。

833 Any deviation from the contract will be unfavorable.

任何违背合同之事都是不利的。

834 The buyer has the option of cancelling the contract.

买主有权撤消合同。

835 Any kind of backing out of the contract will be charged a penalty as has been stated in the penalty clause.

任何背弃合同的行为将受到惩罚，这已在处罚条款里写得很清楚了。

836 We want to cancel the contract because of your delay in delivery.

由于贵方交货拖延，我方要求取消合同。

837 The buyer has the right to cancel the contract unilaterally if the seller fails to ship the goods within the L/C validity.

如果卖方不能在信用证有效期内交货的话，买方有权单方面取消合同。

838 You cannot break the contract without any good reason.

如果没有什么正当理由，你们不应撕毁合同。

839 We have every reason to cancel the contract because you've failed to fulfil your part of it.

我们完全有理由取消合同，因为你们没有完成应遵守的合同内容，履行合同。

840 One party is entitled to cancel the contract if the other side cannot execute it.

如果一方不履行合同，另一方有权取消合同。

841 Generally speaking, a contract cannot be changed after it has been signed by both parties.

一般来讲，合同一经双方签订就不得更改。

842 Some relative clauses in the contract have to be amended owing to the unexpected situation.

由于这种难以预料的情况，合同中的有关条款不得不做些修改。

843 Since the contract is about to expire, shall we discuss a new one?

这个合同将到期，我们来谈谈新合同的事宜吧。

844 Packing has a close bearing on sales.

包装直接关系到产品的销售。

845 Packing will help push the sales.

包装有助于推销产品。

846 Buyers always pay great attention to packing.

买方通常很注意包装。

847 Different articles require different forms of packing.

不同商品需要不同的包装。

848 Buyers, generally speaking, bear the change of packing.

一般来说，买方应承担包装费用。

849 How much does packing take up of the total cost of the goods?

包装占货物总成本的百分比是多少？

850 The packing must be strong enough to withstand rough handing.

包装必须很坚固，能承受野蛮装卸。

851 Strong packing will protect the goods from any possible damage during transit.

坚固的包装可以防止货物在运输途中受到任何损失。

852 Cartons are seaworthy.

纸箱适合海运。

853 This kind of article is often bought as a gift, so exquisite and tasteful design is of prime importance.

人们购买这种商品通常用来赠亲友，所以精美高雅的设计至关重要。

854 We'd like to hear what you say concerning the matter of packing.

我们很想听听你们在包装方面有什么意见。

855 Do you have nay objection to the stipulations about the packing and shipping marks?

有关包装运输唛头的条款你们有什么异议吗？

856 We'll pack the goods according to your instruction.

我们将按你方的要求进行包装。

857 The goods will be packed in wood wool to prevent damage.

货物将用细刨花包装，以防损坏。

858 Measures should be taken to reinforce the cartons.

应采取措施加固纸箱。

859 Suggestions on packing are greatly appreciated.

我们非常欢迎大家对包装方面提出建议。

860 Our standardized packing has been approved by many foreign clients.

许多国外客户已经认可了我们标准化的包装。

861 It's urgent to improve the packing.

必须马上改进包装。

862 Packing charges are excluded in the quoted prices.

包装费用未算在报价中。

863 To minimize any possible damage, we've packed our goods in the way to suit for long sea-voyage.

为使损失减少到最低限度，我们对货物的包装足以承受长途海运。

864 Please make an offer indicating the packing.

请报价并说明包装情况。

865 Please make sure that the goods be protected from moisture.

请保证货物不受潮。

866 We hope your design and the color will be strongly attractive to the American people.

我们希望你们的设计和颜色对美国人具有巨大吸引力。

867 This kind of box is not suitable for the transport of the tea sets by sea.

这种箱子不适合装茶具海运。

868 We would like to know how you will pack the silk shirts.

我们想知道你们如何包装这些真丝衬衫。

869 Although the cartons are light and easy to handle, we think it is not strong enough to be shipped.

虽然这些纸箱轻便、易拿，但我们认为它们在运输中不太结实。

870 Please use normal export containers unless you receive special instructions from our agents.

除非你们收到我方代理的特别指示，否则请用正常出口集装箱。

871 All bags contain an inner waterproof lining.

所有包内都有一层防水内衬。

872 The crates are charge to you at $5 each if they are not returned to us within 2 weeks.

如果木条箱两星期内不归还，则每只箱扣罚五美元。

873 Solid packing and overall stuffing can prevent the cases from vibration and jarring.

坚固的木箱和箱内严密的填充可防止木箱受震、开裂。

874 Those goods are available in strong wooden drums of 1,2,5,10 and 20 litres.

这些货物分别装入1、2、5、10、20升的木桶里。

875 Fifty-litre carboy would be the most economical size. Carboys may be retained without charge for two months.

50升的瓶子应是最经济的尺码，这些瓶子可免费保存两个月。

876 The various items of your order will be packed into bundles of suitable size for shipment.

你们定单上的各种货物被打成各种大小不同的捆儿，以便于运输。

877 Please keep the cartons to 15kg each and metal-strap all cartons in stacks of 4.

请将每个纸箱重量限制在15公斤内，并将每4箱一组用铁条儿固定起来。

878 Each item is to be wrapped separately in grease-paper.

每件货物应单独用油纸包好。

879 All measurements of each case must not exceed 1.5m*1m*1m.

每只木箱体积不应超过1.5m*1m*1m。

880 Each single crate is heavily padded and packed with 4 carboys.

每只木条箱内装4只大瓶子将空余处填满。

881 Full details regarding packing and marking must be strictly observed.

请严格遵守包装及商标的细则。

882 To facilitate carrying, rope or metal handles are indispensable and should be fixed to the boxes.

为便于搬运，绳子或铁把手不可缺少，并将其固定在箱子上。

883 Our packing charge includes $1 for the drum, which sum will be credited on return.

包装费中有1美元是包装桶的费用，此费用在桶还给我们时可退回。

884 The whole carton is packed with double straps, each corner of the carton consolidated with metal angles.

纸箱外加了两道箍，每个箱角都用金属角加固。

885 Foam plastics are applied to protect the goods against press.

泡沫塑料用来防止挤压。

886 It's essential to choose the right means of transportation.

选择合适的运输方式很重要。

887 To ensure faster delivery, you are asked to forward the order by air freight.

为了确保迅速交货，我方要求此订货用空运。

888 Generally speaking, it's cheaper but slower to ship goods by sea than by rail.

总的来说，海运比铁路运输更便宜，但速度慢一些。

889 It's faster but more expensive to ship goods by air.

空运较快但运费较高。

890 Since we need the goods urgently, we must insist on express shipment.

由于我方急需这批货物，我方坚持使用快递装运。

891 Because of the type of purchase, we can only ship by road.

由于商品的性质，我方只能使用公路运输。

892 If the customer requests a carrier other than truck, he must bear the additional charge.

如果顾客坚持用卡车以外的运输工具，就必须负担额外费用。

893 The goods will be transhipped in Hong Kong.

货物将在香港转船。

894 There may be some quantity difference when loading the goods, but not more than 5%.

货物装船时可能会有一些数量出入，但不会超过5%。

895 To make it easier for us to get the goods ready for shipment, we hope that partial shipment is allowed.

为了便于我方备货装船，希望允许分批发运。

896 Delivery has to be put off due to the strike of the workers at the port.

由于港口工人罢工，交货只好推迟。

897 We are sorry to delay the shipment because our manufacturer has met unexpected difficulties.

恕延期货船，因为我们厂家遇到了预料不到的困难。

898 We assume that damage occurred while the consignment was in your care.

我们认为货物是在你方保管时受到损害的。

899 The consignment appears to have been roughly handled and left near a heater.

看来货物未受到细心的处理，并且被放置于加热器附近。

900 I'm afraid I have some rather bad news for you.

我恐怕有些很坏的消息要告诉你。