为了说明JUnit4和JUnit3的区别，我们先看代码： Largest.java:这是一个测试类//测试类
1
public class Largest 
{
2
public Largest() {
3
}
4 public static int largest(int[] list){//用于求该数组的最大值,为了测试方便，该方法为静态方法
5
int index,max=Integer.MAX_VALUE;
6 for(index=0;index<list.length-1;index++){
7 if(list[index]>max){
8 max=list[index];
9 }
10 }
11 return max;
12 }
13
}
首先看JUnit3的测试用例：TestLargest.java:
1
import junit.framework.TestCase;
2
3//这是用Junit3创建的，没有报错。
4public class TestLarget extends TestCase {
5
6 protected void setUp() throws Exception {
7 super.setUp();
8 }
9
10 public void testSimple()
11 {
12 assertEquals(9, Largest.largest(new int[]{9,8,7}));
13 }
14
15 protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
16 super.tearDown();
17 }
18
19}
20
21
然后我们再看用JUnit4的测试用例：TestLargest.java:
1//注意下面的包org.junit.After,org.junit.Before
2import org.junit.After;
3import org.junit.Before;
4//为了测试自己写的脚本，要引入包：
5import org.junit.Test;
6import org.junit.Assert;//assertEquals方法等都在Assert.中
7
8//此种是自己New的一个Junit Test Case, 然后选择了自动添加setUp和tearDown方法。注意在两个方法的前面有两个标记：@Before和@After
9public class TestLargest {
10
11 @Before
12 public void setUp() throws Exception {
13 }
14
15 @Test //此处必须加
16 public void testSimple()
17 {
18 //assetEquals(9,Largest.largest(new int[]{9,8,7}));//为什么assetEquals()报错呢
19 Assert.assertEquals(9,Largest.largest(new int[]{9,8,7}));//避免上面的错误，要用此种形式
20 }
21 @After
22 public void tearDown() throws Exception {
23 }
24
25}
26
27
下面的这个是右键Largest.java，New->JUnit Test Case，自动生成的测试框架（JUnit4），LargestTest.java:
1import static org.junit.Assert.*;
2
3import org.junit.Test;
4
5//此种方法为自动生成的框架。然后填写代码即可。右键Larget.java,New->Junit Test Case
6public class LargestTest {
7
8 @Test
9 public void testLargest() {
10 fail("Not yet implemented");
11 }
12}
13
14
然后我们自己添加代码即可。 有上面的代码对比，我们可以总结JUnit4和JUnit3的区别主要有两点： 1. JUnit4利用了 Java 5 的新特性"注释"，每个测试方法都不需要以testXXX的方式命名,运行时不在用反射机制来查找并测试方法，取而带之是用@Test来标注每个测试方法，效率提升
2. JUnit4中测试类不必继承TestCase了，另外要注意JUnit4和JUnit3引入的包完全不同。
3.JUnit4和JUnit3在测试Suite时也有很大不同：例如我们有两个测试类Product.java，ShoppingCart.java，还涉及到一个异常类ProductNotFoundException.java:
Product.java:
1public class Product {
2 private String title;
3 private double price;
4
5 public Product(String title, double price) {
6 this.title = title;
7 this.price = price;
8 }
9
10 public String getTitle() {
11 return title;
12 }
13
14 public double getPrice() {
15 return price;
16 }
17
18 public boolean equals(Object o) {
19 if (o instanceof Product) {
20 Product p = (Product)o;
21 return p.getTitle().equals(title);
22 }
23
24 return false;
25 }
26
27}
28
29
ShoppingCart.java:
1
import java.util.*;
2
3public class ShoppingCart
4
{
5
private ArrayList items;
6
7 public ShoppingCart()
8
{
9 items=new ArrayList();
10
}
11 public double getbalance()
12 {
13 double balance=0.00;
14 for(Iterator i=items.iterator();i.hasNext();)
15 {
16 Product item=(Product)i.next();
17 balance+=item.getPrice();
18 }
19 return balance;
20 }
21
22 public void addItem(Product item) {
23 items.add(item);
24 }
25
26 public void removeItem(Product item) throws ProductNotFoundException {
27 if (!items.remove(item)) {
28 throw new ProductNotFoundException();
29 }
30 }
31
32 public int getItemCount() {
33 return items.size();
34 }
35
36 public void empty() {
37 items.clear();
38 }
39
}
40
41
ProductNotFoundException.java:
1public class ProductNotFoundException extends Exception {
2 public ProductNotFoundException() {
3 super();
4 }
5}
6
下面是用JUnit4写的测试类：
ProductTest.java:
1import junit.framework.TestCase;
2
3import org.junit.After;
4import org.junit.Before;
5import org.junit.Test;
6import org.junit.Assert;
7
8
9public class ProductTest extends TestCase//extends完全可以不写,只是为了把测试方法加入到suite中
10{
11
12 private Product p;
13 public ProductTest() {
14 }
15
16 //这是为了AllTests类做的铺垫
17 public ProductTest(String method)
18 {
19 super(method);
20 }
21
22 @Before
23 public void setUp() throws Exception {
24 p=new Product("a book",32.45);
25 }
26
27 @After
28 public void tearDown() throws Exception {
29 }
30
31 @Test
32 public void testGetTitle()
33 {
34 Assert.assertEquals("a book",p.getTitle());
35 }
36
37 @Test
38 public void testSameRefrence()
39 {
40 //product q=new product("a sheet",12.56);
41 Product q=p;
42 Assert.assertSame("not equale object",p,q);
43 }
44 @Test
45 public void testEquals()
46 {
47 String q="Yest";
48 Assert.assertEquals("should not equal to a string object",false,p.equals(q));
49 }
50
51 @Test
52 public void testGetPrice()
53 {
54 Assert.assertEquals(32.45,p.getPrice(),0.01);
55 }
56
57}
58
59
ShoppingCartTest.java:
1import org.junit.After;
2import org.junit.Assert;
3import org.junit.Before;
4import org.junit.Test;
5
6
7public class ShoppingCartTest {
8
9 private ShoppingCart cart;
10 private Product book1;
11
12 public ShoppingCartTest(){
13 }
14 @Before
15 public void setUp() throws Exception {
16 cart = new ShoppingCart();
17 book1 = new Product("Pragmatic Unit Testing", 29.95);
18 cart.addItem(book1);
19 }
20
21 @After
22 public void tearDown() throws Exception {
23 }
24
25 @Test
26 public void testEmpty() {
27 cart.empty();
28 Assert.assertEquals(0, cart.getItemCount());
29 }
30
31 @Test
32 public void testAddItem() {
33
34 Product book2 = new Product("Pragmatic Project Automation", 29.95);
35 cart.addItem(book2);
36
37 Assert.assertEquals(2, cart.getItemCount());
38
39 double expectedBalance = book1.getPrice() + book2.getPrice();
40
41 Assert.assertEquals(expectedBalance, cart.getbalance(), 0.0);
42 }
43
44
45 //抛出异常
46 @Test
47 public void testRemoveItem() throws ProductNotFoundException {
48
49 cart.removeItem(book1);
50 Assert.assertEquals(0, cart.getItemCount());
51 }
52
53 @Test
54 public void testRemoveItemNotInCart() {//需要捕捉异常
55 try {
56
57 Product book3 = new Product("Pragmatic Unit Testingx", 29.95);
58 cart.removeItem(book3);
59
60 Assert.fail("Should raise a ProductNotFoundException");
61
62 } catch(ProductNotFoundException expected) {
63 Assert.assertTrue(true);
64 }
65 }
66}
67
68
下面是测试套件的类：TestSuite.java(JUnit4)
1import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
2import org.junit.runners.Suite;
3
4//通过下面的形式运行套件,必须构造一个空类
5@RunWith(Suite.class)
6@Suite.SuiteClasses({ShoppingCartTest.class,ProductTest.class})
7
8public class TestSuite {
9
10}
11
12
另外为了在Suite添加一个测试方法，我们可以采用下面的一个办法：AllTests.java:
1import junit.framework.Test;
2import junit.framework.TestSuite;
3
4public class AllTests {
5
6 public static Test suite() {
7 TestSuite suite = new TestSuite("Test for default package");
8 suite.addTest(new ProductTest("testGetTitle"));//注意此时ProductTest必须要继承TestCase
9 return suite;
10 }
11
12}
13
14
作为对比，我们再看一下JUnit3写的测试类：
1productTest.java:
2
3import junit.framework.TestCase;
4
5public class productTest extends TestCase {
6 private product p;
7 public productTest() {
8 }
9 public void setUp()
10 {
11 p=new product("a book",32.45);
12 }
13 public void tearDown()
14 {
15 }
16 public void testGetTitle()
17 {
18 assertEquals("a book",p.getTitle());
19 }
20 public void testSameRefrence()
21 {
22 //product q=new product("a sheet",12.56);
23 product q=p;
24 assertSame("not equale object",p,q);
25 }
26 public void testEquales()
27 {
28 String q="Yest";
29 assertEquals("should not equal to a string object",false,p.equals(q));
30 }
31 }
32
ShoppingCartTest.java:
1import junit.framework.*;
2
3public class ShoppingCartTest extends TestCase {
4 private ShoppingCart cart;
5 private product book1;
6 public ShoppingCartTest(){
7
8 }
9 public ShoppingCartTest(String method){
10 super(method);
11 }
12 /** *//**
13 * 建立测试 fixture.
14 * 每个test函数运行之前都执行.
15 */
16 protected void setUp() {
17
18 cart = new ShoppingCart();
19
20 book1 = new product("Pragmatic Unit Testing", 29.95);
21
22 cart.addItem(book1);
23 }
24
25 /** *//**
26 * 销毁fixture.
27 * 每个测试函数执行之后都运行
28 */
29 protected void tearDown() {
30 // release objects under test here, as necessary
31 }
32
33
34 public void testEmpty() {
35
36 cart.empty();
37
38 assertEquals(0, cart.getItemCount());
39 }
40
41
42 public void testAddItem() {
43
44 product book2 = new product("Pragmatic Project Automation", 29.95);
45 cart.addItem(book2);
46
47 assertEquals(2, cart.getItemCount());
48
49 double expectedBalance = book1.getPrice() + book2.getPrice();
50 assertEquals(expectedBalance, cart.getbalance(), 0.0);
51 }
52
53
54 public void testRemoveItem() throws productNotFoundException {
55
56 cart.removeItem(book1);
57
58 assertEquals(0, cart.getItemCount());
59 }
60
61
62 public void testRemoveItemNotInCart() {
63
64 try {
65
66 product book3 = new product("Pragmatic Unit Testingx", 29.95);
67 cart.removeItem(book3);
68
69 fail("Should raise a ProductNotFoundException");
70
71 } catch(productNotFoundException expected) {
72 assertTrue(true);
73 }
74 }
75 public static Test suite(){
76 TestSuite suite=new TestSuite();
77 suite.addTest(new ShoppingCartTest("testRemoveItem"));
78 suite.addTest(new ShoppingCartTest("testRemoveItemNotInCart"));
79 return suite;
80 }
81}
82
83
下面这个是测试Suite的测试类:TestClassComposite.java(JUnit3):
1import junit.framework.*;
2
3public class TestClassComposite {//be a base class,extendding from TestCase is of no necessary.
4 public static Test suite() { //注意suite的大小写
5 TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
6 suite.addTestSuite(productTest.class);
7 suite.addTest(ShoppingCartTest.suite());
8 return suite;
9 }
10}
11
通过代码，我们可以清楚的看到JUnit4和JUnit2在测试套件时的区别，JUnit4在测试套件时，必须构造一个空类，而且使用Annotation的形式，即
@RunWith(Suite.class)
@Suite.SuiteClasses({ShoppingCartTest.class,ProductTest.class})，而JUuni3则是普通的直接用函数调用，添加Suite。
posted on 2010-07-15 19:53
landon 阅读(2257)
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