Spring提供了发送电子邮件的功能,它向用户屏蔽了底层邮件系统的一些细节,同时代表客户端负责底层的资源处理。
Spring的邮件服务支持主要是通过JavaMailSender这个接口实现的:
public interface JavaMailSender extends MailSender {
MimeMessage createMimeMessage();
MimeMessage createMimeMessage(InputStream contentStream) throws MailException;
void send(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws MailException;
void send(MimeMessage[] mimeMessages) throws MailException;
void send(MimeMessagePreparator mimeMessagePreparator) throws MailException;
void send(MimeMessagePreparator[] mimeMessagePreparators) throws MailException;
}
这是JavaMailSender的接口源代码(去除注释),可以看到,主要提供了createMimeMessage和send两个方法。createMimeMessage方法主要是用来创建JavaMail的MIME信件,而send则是发送电子邮件的主要方法。
Spring中提供了JavaMailSender的简单实现:org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl。在JavaMailSendImpl这个类中,实现了
JavaMailSender中定义的方法的具体实现。而众所周知,Spring是核心的功能是IOC,所以通过Spring来发送电子邮件,就可以使用Spring强大的IOC功能,下面就来看一下,怎么样在Spring中发送邮件:
1. Spring配置文件,主要配置mailSender和对velocity的支持
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true" default-autowire="byName">
<!-- 属性文件加载, 加载邮件设置属性文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:mail.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="mailEngine" class="org.example.mailer.MailEngine">
<property name="javaMailSender" ref="javaMailSender" />
<property name="velocityEngine" ref="velocityEngine" />
</bean>
<bean id="velocityEngine"
class="org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineFactoryBean">
<property name="resourceLoaderPath" value="classpath:velocity" />
</bean>
<!-- 邮件发送器 -->
<bean id="javaMailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="host" value="${mail.host}" />
<property name="username" value="${mail.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${mail.password}" />
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property>
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">${mail.smtp.auth}</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.timeout">${mail.smtp.timeout}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
在这个配置文件中,通过propertyConfigurer这个bean加载了邮件的配置文件:mail.properties,这个文件主要定义一些邮件服务的属性(使用的时候根据自己的要求进行相应的配置,这里以126的smtp服务为例):
mail.from=
mail.host=smtp.126.com
mail.username=
mail.password=
mail.smtp.auth=true
mail.smtp.timeout=25000
下面来看一下
MailEngine的实现:
package org.example.mailer;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine;
import org.apache.velocity.exception.VelocityException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.mail.MailException;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineUtils;
public class MailEngine {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
private VelocityEngine velocityEngine;
public void setJavaMailSender(JavaMailSender javaMailSender) {
this.javaMailSender = javaMailSender;
}
public void setVelocityEngine(VelocityEngine velocityEngine) {
this.velocityEngine = velocityEngine;
}
public void sendMailWithVelocity() {
MimeMessage msg = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg);
String result = null;
Map model = null;
try {
result = VelocityEngineUtils.mergeTemplateIntoString(
velocityEngine, "sendMail.vm", "UTF-8", model);//UTF-8为模板文件的字符编码
helper.setFrom("邮件发送者");
helper.setSubject("测试Spring邮件");
helper.setTo("邮件接收者");
helper.setText(result);
javaMailSender.send(msg);
} catch (VelocityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error(e.getMessage());
} catch (MessagingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public boolean senaMail() {
MimeMessage msg = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(msg);
try {
helper.setFrom("邮件发送者");
helper.setSubject("邮件内容");
helper.setTo("邮件接收者");
helper.setText("test spring mailer", true); // 如果发的不是html内容去掉true参数
javaMailSender.send(msg);
} catch (MessagingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成 catch 块
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("邮件信息导常! 邮件标题为: ");
}
return false;
// e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MailException me) {
// TODO: handle exception
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("发送邮件失败! 邮件标题为: ");
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
MailEngine mailEngine = (MailEngine) bf.getBean("mailEngine");
// mailEngine.senaMail();
mailEngine.sendMailWithVelocity();
}
}
sendMailWithVelocity方法主要是使用Velocity模板文件来发送邮件,Velocity模板文件定义了邮件的内容,模板文件的位置由resourceLoaderPath指定,本例则在classpath下的velocity下,如果是web项目,则位于/WEB-INF/classes/veloticy/目录下。
执行main方法,就可以发送邮件了。