1. HashMap概要:基于哈希表Map接口的非同步实现 - 线程不安全,线程安全请使用Hashtable
- 效率较好
- 提供null作为key或者value
2. HashMap代码详解:
/** * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
* (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
*/
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; //默认是0.75
threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);//扩容的门槛,存入的数据大于该值,容量扩充一倍
table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];//初始化数组,数组内容为Entry,存储链表
init();
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);//如果key为null,直接把value放到数组第一位table[0]
int hash = hash(key.hashCode());//通过可以的hashcode计算对应的hash值
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);//通过hash值,把entry对应到数组的位数计算出来
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {//如果该entry还包含下一个entry的引用,则继续遍历该链表
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {//如果key相同,则替换新的value到制定的key
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
public V get(Object key) {
if (key == null)//key为null,直接从数组第一位拿数据
return getForNullKey();
int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; //直接通过key的hashcode计算出对应到数组的索引位,直接取数据,如果有链表继续查找
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))
return e.value;
}
return null;
}
HashMap别的方法就不继续详解了,主要通过put与get可以很好的理解HashMap底层的结构,以及工作方式。
1. Vector概要: /** * Constructs an empty vector so that its internal data array
* has size {@code 10} and its standard capacity increment is
* zero.
*/
public Vector() {
this(10);
}
- 底层采用数组存储:protected Object[] elementData;
- 线程安全
- 查询效率比较高,比较适用于查询
- 扩容的长度为初始长度的一半,建议初始化的时候设置已知的长度,免得容器自己去扩容,浪费空间以及效率
与ArrayList基本一样,除了所有操作资源的方法都加了synchronized,保证线程同步
这里的源代码就不详解了,具体请参考容器-数组-ArrayList详解。
1. ArrayList概要: public ArrayList() { this(10);
}
- 底层采用数组存储:private transient Object[] elementData;
transient表示数组elementData不需要通过serialization序列化传输
- 线程不安全,在多线程场景会出现问题,可以考虑使用Vector或者Collections.synchronizedList同步该容器
- 查询效率比较高,比较适用于查询
- 扩容的长度为初始长度的一半,建议初始化的时候设置已知的长度,免得容器自己去扩容,浪费空间以及效率
2. ArrayList代码详解: public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacity(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
首先检查数组是否已满,如果满了就开始扩容,扩容后的长度为原长度的1.5倍。
/** * Increases the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance, if
* necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements
* specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;//modCount表示数组的操作计数,用于iterator的时候与Count比较,防止迭代操作对add,remove等操作影响迭代操作
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) { //新插入元素后的长度大于老的长度,数组开始扩容
Object oldData[] = elementData;
int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;//新空间为原长度的1.5倍,等于是扩容了50%
if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);//把之前的元素拷贝到新的数组 }
}
/**
* Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
* Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
* indices).
*
* @param index the index of the element to be removed
* @return the element that was removed from the list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E remove(int index) {
RangeCheck(index); //检查索引是否溢出
modCount++; //操作计数
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,//复制原数组制定index+1到length-1的元素到elementData的index的索引位
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work//最后一位设置为null
return oldValue;
}
/**
* Checks if the given index is in range. If not, throws an appropriate
* runtime exception. This method does *not* check if the index is
* negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
* which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
*/
private void RangeCheck(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
"Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);
}
/**
* Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
*
* @param index index of the element to return
* @return the element at the specified position in this list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E get(int index) {
RangeCheck(index);
return (E) elementData[index]; //直接获取数组的索引位
}