http://sunnylocus.iteye.com/blog/538282当一个单线程化的控制台程序因为未捕获的异常终止的时候,程序停止运行,并生了栈追踪,这与典型的程序输出不同,当一个程序发生了异常说明有不稳定的因素存在。如果并发程序中线程失败就没那么容易发现了。栈追踪可能会从控制台输出,但是没有人会去一直在看控制台,并且,当线程失败的时候,应用程序可能看起来仍在工作。就象程序能跑在50个线程池上,也能够跑在49个线程的线程池上,区别在于50个人干的活要比49个人干的活要多的多。
导致线程死亡的的最主要的原因是RuntimeException。因为这些异常表明一个程序错误或者不可修复的错误,它们不着顺着栈的调用传递,此时,默认的行为是在控制台打印栈追踪的信息,并终止线程。
我们举个例子,将奴隶主比作是你写的程序,奴隶比作是线程。假如你是奴隶主,你手下有5名奴隶,你分派他们一项任务去将不断开采来的石头搬到某个地方。如果中途有奴隶逃跑,那么搬运石头的效率就会下降,如果你没有措施发现奴隶逃跑,最后连一个奴隶也没有了,没有人再去搬石头了。当你发现程序有问题,比如程序刚启动的时候处理速度很快,以后越跑越慢,最后完全停止了,你可能不知道问题出在哪儿,其实这都是因为线程泄露引起的。想解决奴隶逃跑问题,不难,给每个奴隶戴上个报警器,一逃跑报警器就给你发信息,告诉哪个奴隶,因为什么原因逃跑了,可以根据需要再增加一名奴隶,让搬石头的奴隶数量始终维持在5名或着将信息记录到文件,便于分析导致线程泄露的原意改进程序。ok,我们用代码说话
1、定义好报警器
- package com.bill99.thread.test;
-
- import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;
-
-
- public class UEHLogger implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {
- public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
- System.out.println(String.format("不好了,有奴隶逃跑了!奴隶姓名:%1$s,编号:%2$s,逃跑原因:%3$s", t.getName(),t.getId(),e.getMessage()));
- System.out.println("还剩"+HelotPool.helotPool.getActiveCount()+"个奴隶");
- }
- }
package com.bill99.thread.test;
import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;
//将泄露的线程信息输出到控制台
public class UEHLogger implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println(String.format("不好了,有奴隶逃跑了!奴隶姓名:%1$s,编号:%2$s,逃跑原因:%3$s", t.getName(),t.getId(),e.getMessage()));
System.out.println("还剩"+HelotPool.helotPool.getActiveCount()+"个奴隶");
}
}
2、我们先建立一个奴隶工厂,每名奴隶出工厂的时候都会有一个报警器
- package com.bill99.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
-
- public class HelotFactory implements ThreadFactory {
- private volatile int helotId=0;
-
- public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
- Thread helotThread = new Thread(r);
- helotThread.setName("helot-Thread-"+gethelotId());
- helotThread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new UEHLogger());
- return helotThread;
- }
- private int gethelotId(){
- return ++helotId;
- }
- }
package com.bill99.thread.test;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
//奴隶制造工厂
public class HelotFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private volatile int helotId=0;//奴隶编号
//产生一个新奴隶
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread helotThread = new Thread(r);
helotThread.setName("helot-Thread-"+gethelotId());//设置奴隶姓名
helotThread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new UEHLogger());//UEHLogger就是报警器
return helotThread;
}
private int gethelotId(){
return ++helotId;
}
}
3、奴隶逃跑测试,看看是否会触发报警器
- package com.bill99.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
-
- public class HelotEscapeTest {
- private ThreadFactory factory = new HelotFactory();
- private Thread helotThread = null;
-
- public HelotEscapeTest(){
- Runnable task = new Runnable() {
- int stoneNum=1;
- public void run() {
- while(!Thread.interrupted()){
- System.out.println(helotThread.getName()+" 搬第"+stoneNum+"块石头..");
- stoneNum++;
- try{
- Thread.sleep(500);
- } catch(InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}
- if(stoneNum>100){
- throw new RuntimeException("又饿又累没力气搬石头了");
- }
- }
- }
- };
- helotThread = factory.newThread(task);
- }
-
- public void startWork(){
- helotThread.start();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- HelotEscapeTest test = new HelotEscapeTest();
- test.startWork();
- }
- }
package com.bill99.thread.test;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
//奴隶逃跑测试
public class HelotEscapeTest {
private ThreadFactory factory = new HelotFactory();
private Thread helotThread = null;
public HelotEscapeTest(){
Runnable task = new Runnable() {
int stoneNum=1;
public void run() {
while(!Thread.interrupted()){
System.out.println(helotThread.getName()+" 搬第"+stoneNum+"块石头..");
stoneNum++;
try{
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch(InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}
if(stoneNum>100){
throw new RuntimeException("又饿又累没力气搬石头了");
}
}
}
};
helotThread = factory.newThread(task);
}
//开始干活
public void startWork(){
helotThread.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelotEscapeTest test = new HelotEscapeTest();
test.startWork();
}
}
运行程序后,奴隶在搬完100块石头后不干了,报警器给出提示信息
不好了,有奴隶逃跑了!奴隶姓名:helot-Thread-1,编号:7,逃跑原因:又饿又累没力气搬石头了
这样我就能找出线程泄露的原因了。如果在线程池中发生了泄露是否也能记录?
4、奴隶池测试
- package com.bill99.thread.test;
-
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-
- public class HelotPoolTest {
-
- public static ThreadPoolExecutor helotPool;
- private int helotNum= 5;
- private Random random = new Random(100);
-
- private BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
-
- public HelotPoolTest() {
- ThreadFactory factory = new HelotFactory();
- helotPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor( helotNum,helotNum,1000,TimeUnit.SECONDS,queue,factory);
- }
-
- public void assignTask(){
- final int MAX=100;
- final int MIN=10;
- Runnable task = null;
- for(int j=0;j<20;j++){
- task = new Runnable() {
- int stoneNum = random.nextInt(MAX - MIN + 1) + MIN;
- public void run() {
- for (int i = 1; i <= stoneNum; i++) {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 搬完"+ i + "块石头");
- if (i == 60) {
- throw new RuntimeException("搬完第60块石头不干了");
- }
- try{
- Thread.sleep(100);
- }catch(InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}
- }
- }
- };
- queue.add(task);
- }
- }
-
- public void startWork(){
- helotPool.prestartAllCoreThreads();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- HelotPoolTest pool = new HelotPoolTest();
- pool.assignTask();
- pool.startWork();
- }
- }
package com.bill99.thread.test;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HelotPoolTest {
public static ThreadPoolExecutor helotPool;
private int helotNum= 5; //奴隶数
private Random random = new Random(100);
private BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
public HelotPoolTest() {
ThreadFactory factory = new HelotFactory();
helotPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor( helotNum,helotNum,1000,TimeUnit.SECONDS,queue,factory);
}
//分配任务
public void assignTask(){
final int MAX=100;
final int MIN=10;
Runnable task = null;
for(int j=0;j<20;j++){
task = new Runnable() {
int stoneNum = random.nextInt(MAX - MIN + 1) + MIN;// 生成10~100范围的随机数
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= stoneNum; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 搬完"+ i + "块石头");
if (i == 60) {
throw new RuntimeException("搬完第60块石头不干了");
}
try{
Thread.sleep(100);//休息下
}catch(InterruptedException e){e.printStackTrace();}
}
}
};
queue.add(task);
}
}
//开始干活
public void startWork(){
helotPool.prestartAllCoreThreads();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelotPoolTest pool = new HelotPoolTest();
pool.assignTask();
pool.startWork();
}
}
程序启动,用Jprofiler监控,刚启动时会有5名奴隶干活不一会就会有线程退出,最后5个线程全部退,报警器对每个线程退出都能记录到导致线程退出的原因。标准的Executor实现是:
在需求不高时回收空闲的线程,在需求增加时添加新的线程,如果任务抛出了异常,就会用一个全新的工作线程取代出错的那个。
JDK文档是这么说的,不过通过Jprofiler监控只有在5名奴隶全部逃跑,没人干活的时候ThreadPoolExecutor才会生成一个新线程继续搬石头,并不是只要一个线程退出就会马上生成新线程去代替。
Author: orangelizq
email: orangelizq@163.com
posted on 2013-05-29 16:43
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