Java 8之前,同一注解不能在相同的目标元素上多次使用,例如,如下的注解在Java 8之前是不允许的:
public class SampleClass {
@Quality("Security")
@Quality("Performance")
@Quality("Readability")
public void foo(){
//
}
}
Java 8引入了Repeatable注解(@Repeatable)可以解决这一问题,但光有可重复的注解定义还不够,还需要它的容器注解,两者一起来实现可重复注解的使用。实例如下:
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Repeatable (Qualities.class)
public @interface Quality {
String value();
}
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Qualities {
Quality[] value();
}
其中,Quality是可重复注解,由@Repeatable注解标明,它的容器注解是Qualities,用于存放所有可重复的Quality(存贮在Quality[]中);同时还要注意可重复注解和它的容器注解的目标元素必须是一样的(这也不言自明)。如此这般,我们最开始的
SampleClass 在Java 8环境下就可以安全使用了。
以下单例实现思想来自《Java Design Patterns: A Programmer's Approach》.
该方法利用了Java缺省的Lazy类实例化机制克服了传统单例模式实现中Lazy实例化方式的不足。
public class Singleton {
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return Helper.instance;
}
static class Helper {
private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
}
}
以下转自StackOverflow(
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5074063/maven-error-failure-to-transfer),亲测可用。
This worked for me in Windows as well.
- Locate the {user}/.m2/repository (Using Juno /Win7 here)
- In the Search field in upper right of window, type ".lastupdated". Windows will look through all subfolders for these files in the directory. (I did not look through cache.)
- Remove them by Right-click > Delete (I kept all of the lastupdated.properties).
- Then go back into Eclipse, Right-click on the project and select Maven > Update Project. I selected to "Force Update of Snapshots/Releases". Click Ok and the dependencies finally resolved correctly.