一、JPA通用策略生成器
通过annotation来映射hibernate实体的,基于annotation的hibernate主键标识为@Id,
其生成规则由@GeneratedValue设定的.这里的@id和@GeneratedValue都是JPA的标准用法,
JPA提供四种标准用法,由@GeneratedValue的源代码可以明显看出.
- @Target({METHOD,FIELD})
- @Retention(RUNTIME)
- public @interface GeneratedValue{
- GenerationType strategy() default AUTO;
- String generator() default "";
- }
@Target({METHOD,FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface GeneratedValue{
GenerationType strategy() default AUTO;
String generator() default "";
}
其中GenerationType:
- public enum GenerationType{
- TABLE,
- SEQUENCE,
- IDENTITY,
- AUTO
- }
public enum GenerationType{
TABLE,
SEQUENCE,
IDENTITY,
AUTO
}
JPA提供的四种标准用法为TABLE,SEQUENCE,IDENTITY,AUTO.
TABLE:使用一个特定的数据库表格来保存主键。
SEQUENCE:根据底层数据库的序列来生成主键,条件是数据库支持序列。
IDENTITY:主键由数据库自动生成(主要是自动增长型)
AUTO:主键由程序控制。
1、TABLE
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE, generator="payablemoney_gen")
- @TableGenerator(name = "pk_gen",
- table="tb_generator",
- pkColumnName="gen_name",
- valueColumnName="gen_value",
- pkColumnValue="PAYABLEMOENY_PK",
- allocationSize=1
- )
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE, generator="payablemoney_gen")
@TableGenerator(name = "pk_gen",
table="tb_generator",
pkColumnName="gen_name",
valueColumnName="gen_value",
pkColumnValue="PAYABLEMOENY_PK",
allocationSize=1
)
这里应用表tb_generator,定义为
- CREATE TABLE tb_generator (
- id NUMBER NOT NULL,
- gen_name VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL,
- gen_value NUMBER NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY(id)
- )
CREATE TABLE tb_generator (
id NUMBER NOT NULL,
gen_name VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL,
gen_value NUMBER NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)
插入纪录,供生成主键使用,
- INSERT INTO tb_generator(id, gen_name, gen_value) VALUES (1,PAYABLEMOENY_PK', 1);
在主键生成后,这条纪录的value值,按allocationSize递增。
@TableGenerator的定义:
- @Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
- @Retention(RUNTIME)
- public @interface TableGenerator {
- String name();
- String table() default "";
- String catalog() default "";
- String schema() default "";
- String pkColumnName() default "";
- String valueColumnName() default "";
- String pkColumnValue() default "";
- int initialValue() default 0;
- int allocationSize() default 50;
- UniqueConstraint[] uniqueConstraints() default {};
- }
@Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface TableGenerator {
String name();
String table() default "";
String catalog() default "";
String schema() default "";
String pkColumnName() default "";
String valueColumnName() default "";
String pkColumnValue() default "";
int initialValue() default 0;
int allocationSize() default 50;
UniqueConstraint[] uniqueConstraints() default {};
}
其中属性说明:
name属性表示该表主键生成策略的名称,它被引用在@GeneratedValue中设置的“generator”值中。
table属性表示表生成策略所持久化的表名,例如,这里表使用的是数据库中的“tb_generator”。
catalog属性和schema具体指定表所在的目录名或是数据库名。
pkColumnName属性的值表示在持久化表中,该主键生成策略所对应键值的名称。例如在“tb_generator”中将“gen_name”作为主键的键值
valueColumnName属性的值表示在持久化表中,该主键当前所生成的值,它的值将会随着每次创建累加。例如,在“tb_generator”中将“gen_value”作为主键的值
pkColumnValue属性的值表示在持久化表中,该生成策略所对应的主键。例如在“tb_generator”表中,将“gen_name”的值为“CUSTOMER_PK”。
initialValue表示主键初识值,默认为0。
allocationSize表示每次主键值增加的大小,例如设置成1,则表示每次创建新记录后自动加1,默认为50。
UniqueConstraint与@Table标记中的用法类似。
2、SEQUENCE
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="payablemoney_seq")
- @SequenceGenerator(name="payablemoney_seq", sequenceName="seq_payment")
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="payablemoney_seq")
@SequenceGenerator(name="payablemoney_seq", sequenceName="seq_payment")
@SequenceGenerator定义
- @Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
- @Retention(RUNTIME)
- public @interface SequenceGenerator {
- String name();
- String sequenceName() default "";
- int initialValue() default 0;
- int allocationSize() default 50;
- }
@Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface SequenceGenerator {
String name();
String sequenceName() default "";
int initialValue() default 0;
int allocationSize() default 50;
}
name属性表示该表主键生成策略的名称,它被引用在@GeneratedValue中设置的“generator”值中。
sequenceName属性表示生成策略用到的数据库序列名称。
initialValue表示主键初识值,默认为0。
allocationSize表示每次主键值增加的大小,例如设置成1,则表示每次创建新记录后自动加1,默认为50。
3、IDENTITY
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
4、AUTO
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
在指定主键时,如果不指定主键生成策略,默认为AUTO。
跟下面的定义是一样的。
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
二、hibernate主键策略生成器
hibernate提供多种主键生成策略,有点是类似于JPA,有的是hibernate特有:
native: 对于 oracle 采用 Sequence 方式,对于MySQL 和 SQL Server 采用identity(自增主键生成机制),native就是将主键的生成工作交由数据库完成,hibernate不管(很常用)。
uuid: 采用128位的uuid算法生成主键,uuid被编码为一个32位16进制数字的字符串。占用空间大(字符串类型)。
hilo: 使用hilo生成策略,要在数据库中建立一张额外的表,默认表名为hibernate_unique_key,默认字段为integer类型,名称是next_hi(比较少用)。
assigned: 在插入数据的时候主键由程序处理(很常用),这是 <generator>元素没有指定时的默认生成策略。等同于JPA中的AUTO。
identity: 使用SQL Server 和 MySQL 的自增字段,这个方法不能放到 Oracle 中,Oracle 不支持自增字段,要设定sequence(MySQL 和 SQL Server 中很常用)。
等同于JPA中的INDENTITY。
select: 使用触发器生成主键(主要用于早期的数据库主键生成机制,少用)。
sequence: 调用底层数据库的序列来生成主键,要设定序列名,不然hibernate无法找到。
seqhilo: 通过hilo算法实现,但是主键历史保存在Sequence中,适用于支持 Sequence 的数据库,如 Oracle(比较少用)
increment: 插入数据的时候hibernate会给主键添加一个自增的主键,但是一个hibernate实例就维护一个计数器,所以在多个实例运行的时候不能使用这个方法。
foreign: 使用另外一个相关联的对象的主键。通常和<one-to-one>联合起来使用。
guid: 采用数据库底层的guid算法机制,对应MYSQL的uuid()函数,SQL Server的newid()函数,ORACLE的rawtohex(sys_guid())函数等。
uuid.hex: 看uuid,建议用uuid替换。
sequence-identity: sequence策略的扩展,采用立即检索策略来获取sequence值,需要JDBC3.0和JDK4以上(含1.4)版本
hibernate提供了多种生成器供选择,基于Annotation的方式通过@GenericGenerator实现.
hibernate每种主键生成策略提供接口org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator的实现类,如果要实现自定义的主键生成策略也必须实现此接口.
- public interface IdentifierGenerator {
- /**
- * The configuration parameter holding the entity name
- */
- public static final String ENTITY_NAME = "entity_name";
-
- /**
- * Generate a new identifier.
- * @param session
- * @param object the entity or toplevel collection for which the id is being generated
- *
- * @return a new identifier
- * @throws HibernateException
- */
- public Serializable generate(SessionImplementor session, Object object)
- throws HibernateException;
- }
public interface IdentifierGenerator {
/**
* The configuration parameter holding the entity name
*/
public static final String ENTITY_NAME = "entity_name";
/**
* Generate a new identifier.
* @param session
* @param object the entity or toplevel collection for which the id is being generated
*
* @return a new identifier
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public Serializable generate(SessionImplementor session, Object object)
throws HibernateException;
}
IdentifierGenerator提供一generate方法,generate方法返回产生的主键.
三、@GenericGenerator
自定义主键生成策略,由@GenericGenerator实现。
hibernate在JPA的基础上进行了扩展,可以用一下方式引入hibernate独有的主键生成策略,就是通过@GenericGenerator加入的。
比如说,JPA标准用法
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(GenerationType.AUTO)
@Id
@GeneratedValue(GenerationType.AUTO)
就可以用hibernate特有以下用法来实现
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "assigned")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "assigned")
@GenericGenerator的定义:
- @Target({PACKAGE, TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
- @Retention(RUNTIME)
- public @interface GenericGenerator {
- /**
- * unique generator name
- */
- String name();
- /**
- * Generator strategy either a predefined Hibernate
- * strategy or a fully qualified class name.
- */
- String strategy();
- /**
- * Optional generator parameters
- */
- Parameter[] parameters() default {};
- }
@Target({PACKAGE, TYPE, METHOD, FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface GenericGenerator {
/**
* unique generator name
*/
String name();
/**
* Generator strategy either a predefined Hibernate
* strategy or a fully qualified class name.
*/
String strategy();
/**
* Optional generator parameters
*/
Parameter[] parameters() default {};
}
name属性指定生成器名称。
strategy属性指定具体生成器的类名。
parameters得到strategy指定的具体生成器所用到的参数。
对于这些hibernate主键生成策略和各自的具体生成器之间的关系,在org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGeneratorFactory中指定了,
- static {
- GENERATORS.put("uuid", UUIDHexGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("hilo", TableHiLoGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("assigned", Assigned.class);
- GENERATORS.put("identity", IdentityGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("select", SelectGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("sequence", SequenceGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("seqhilo", SequenceHiLoGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("increment", IncrementGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("foreign", ForeignGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("guid", GUIDGenerator.class);
- GENERATORS.put("uuid.hex", UUIDHexGenerator.class); //uuid.hex is deprecated
- GENERATORS.put("sequence-identity", SequenceIdentityGenerator.class);
- }
static {
GENERATORS.put("uuid", UUIDHexGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("hilo", TableHiLoGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("assigned", Assigned.class);
GENERATORS.put("identity", IdentityGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("select", SelectGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("sequence", SequenceGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("seqhilo", SequenceHiLoGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("increment", IncrementGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("foreign", ForeignGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("guid", GUIDGenerator.class);
GENERATORS.put("uuid.hex", UUIDHexGenerator.class); //uuid.hex is deprecated
GENERATORS.put("sequence-identity", SequenceIdentityGenerator.class);
}
上面十二种策略,加上native,hibernate一共默认支持十三种生成策略。
1、native
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "native")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "native")
2、uuid
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "uuid")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "uuid")
3、hilo
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "hilo")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "hilo")
4、assigned
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "assigned")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "assigned")
5、identity
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "identity")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "identity")
6、select
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name="select", strategy="select",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "key", value = "idstoerung") })
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name="select", strategy="select",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "key", value = "idstoerung") })
7、sequence
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "sequence",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "sequence",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })
8、seqhilo
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "seqhilo",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "max_lo", value = "5") })
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "seqhilo",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "max_lo", value = "5") })
9、increment
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "increment")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "increment")
10、foreign
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "foreign",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "property", value = "employee") })
@GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "foreign",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "property", value = "employee") })
注意:直接使用@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn 报错(?)
- @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
- @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
例如
- @Entity
- public class Employee {
- @Id Integer id;
-
- @OneToOne @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
- EmployeeInfo info;
- ...
- }
@Entity
public class Employee {
@Id Integer id;
@OneToOne @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
EmployeeInfo info;
...
}
应该为
- @Entity
- public class Employee {
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "foreign",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "property", value = "info") })
- Integer id;
-
- @OneToOne
- EmployeeInfo info;
- ...
- }
@Entity
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator = "idGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "idGenerator", strategy = "foreign",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "property", value = "info") })
Integer id;
@OneToOne
EmployeeInfo info;
...
}
11、guid
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "guid")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "guid")
12、uuid.hex
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "uuid.hex")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "uuid.hex")
13、sequence-identity
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "sequence-identity",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "sequence-identity",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })
四、通过@GenericGenerator自定义主键生成策略
如果实际应用中,主键策略为程序指定了就用程序指定的主键(assigned),没有指定就从sequence中取。
明显上面所讨论的策略都不满足,只好自己扩展了,集成assigned和sequence两种策略。
- public class AssignedSequenceGenerator extends SequenceGenerator implements
- PersistentIdentifierGenerator, Configurable {
- private String entityName;
-
- public void configure(Type type, Properties params, Dialect dialect) throws MappingException {
- entityName = params.getProperty(ENTITY_NAME);
- if (entityName==null) {
- throw new MappingException("no entity name");
- }
-
- super.configure(type, params, dialect);
- }
-
- public Serializable generate(SessionImplementor session, Object obj)
- throws HibernateException {
-
- Serializable id = session.getEntityPersister( entityName, obj )
- .getIdentifier( obj, session.getEntityMode() );
-
- if (id==null) {
- id = super.generate(session, obj);
- }
-
- return id;
- }
- }
public class AssignedSequenceGenerator extends SequenceGenerator implements
PersistentIdentifierGenerator, Configurable {
private String entityName;
public void configure(Type type, Properties params, Dialect dialect) throws MappingException {
entityName = params.getProperty(ENTITY_NAME);
if (entityName==null) {
throw new MappingException("no entity name");
}
super.configure(type, params, dialect);
}
public Serializable generate(SessionImplementor session, Object obj)
throws HibernateException {
Serializable id = session.getEntityPersister( entityName, obj )
.getIdentifier( obj, session.getEntityMode() );
if (id==null) {
id = super.generate(session, obj);
}
return id;
}
}
实际应用中,定义同sequence。
- @GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
- @GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "AssignedSequenceGenerator",
- parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })
@GeneratedValue(generator = "paymentableGenerator")
@GenericGenerator(name = "paymentableGenerator", strategy = "AssignedSequenceGenerator",
parameters = { @Parameter(name = "sequence", value = "seq_payablemoney") })
值得注意的是,定义的这种策略,就像打开了潘多拉魔盒,非常不可控。正常情况下,不建议这么做。