下面是收集的两篇关于 Oracel 用ROWNUM实现分页的文章:
推荐直接看第二篇,是Oracle的Tom写的,最权威
第一篇做个参考
第一篇:
对于rownum来说它是oracle系统顺序分配为从查询返回的行的编号,返回的第一行分配的是1,第二行是2,依此类推,这个伪字段可以用于限制查询返回的总行数,而且rownum不能以任何表的名称作为前缀。
(1) rownum 对于等于某值的查询条件 (具体解释见第二篇)
如果希望找到学生表中第一条学生的信息,可以使用rownum=1作为条件。但是想找到学生表中第二条学生的信息,使用rownum=2结果查不到数据。因为rownum都是从1开始,但是1以上的自然数在rownum做等于判断是时认为都是false条件,所以无法查到rownum = n(n>1的自然数)。
SQL> select rownum,id,name from student where rownum=1;
(可以用在限制返回记录条数的地方,保证不出错,如:隐式游标)
SQL> select rownum,id,name from student where rownum=1;
ROWNUM ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
1 200001 张一
SQL> select rownum,id,name from student where rownum =2;
ROWNUM ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
(2)rownum对于大于某值的查询条件(具体解释见第二篇)
如果想找到从第二行记录以后的记录,当使用rownum>2是查不出记录的,原因是由于rownum是一个总是从1开始的伪列,Oracle 认为rownum> n(n>1的自然数)这种条件依旧不成立,所以查不到记录
SQL> select rownum,id,name from student where rownum >2;
ROWNUM ID NAME
那如何才能找到第二行以后的记录呀。可以使用以下的子查询方法来解决。注意子查询中的rownum必须要有别名,否则还是不会查出记录来,这是因为rownum不是某个表的列,如果不起别名的话,无法知道rownum是子查询的列还是主查询的列。
SQL>select * from(select rownum no ,id,name from student) where no>2;
NO ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
3 200003 李三
4 200004 赵四
SQL> select * from(select rownum,id,name from student)where rownum>2;
ROWNUM ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
(3)rownum对于小于某值的查询条件
如果想找到第三条记录以前的记录,当使用rownum<3是能得到两条记录的。显然rownum对于rownum<n((n>1的自然数)的条件认为是成立的,所以可以找到记录。
SQL> select rownum,id,name from student where rownum <3;
ROWNUM ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
1 200001 张一
2 200002 王二
综上几种情况,可能有时候需要查询rownum在某区间的数据,那怎么办呀从上可以看出rownum对小于某值的查询条件是人为true的,rownum对于大于某值的查询条件直接认为是false的,但是可以间接的让它转为认为是true的。那就必须使用子查询。例如要查询rownum在第二行到第三行之间的数据,包括第二行和第三行数据,那么我们只能写以下语句,先让它返回小于等于三的记录行,然后在主查询中判断新的rownum的别名列大于等于二的记录行。但是这样的操作会在大数据集中影响速度。
SQL> select * from (select rownum no,id,name from student where rownum<=3 ) where no >=2;
NO ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
2 200002 王二
3 200003 李三
(4)rownum和排序
Oracle中的rownum的是在取数据的时候产生的序号,所以想对指定排序的数据去指定的rowmun行数据就必须注意了。
SQL> select rownum ,id,name from student order by name;
ROWNUM ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
3 200003 李三
2 200002 王二
1 200001 张一
4 200004 赵四
可以看出,rownum并不是按照name列来生成的序号。系统是按照记录插入时的顺序给记录排的号,rowid也是顺序分配的。为了解决这个问题,必须使用子查询
SQL> select rownum ,id,name from (select * from student order by name);
ROWNUM ID NAME
---------- ------ ---------------------------------------------------
1 200003 李三
2 200002 王二
3 200001 张一
4 200004 赵四
这样就成了按name排序,并且用rownum标出正确序号(有小到大)
笔者在工作中有一上百万条记录的表,在jsp页面中需对该表进行分页显示, 便考虑用rownum来作,下面是具体方法(每页
显示20条):
select * from tabname where rownum<20 order by name
但却发现oracle却不能按自己的意愿来执行,而是先随便
取20条记录,然后再 order by,后经咨询oracle,说rownum确实就这样,想用的话,只能用子查询 来实现先排序,后rownum,方法如下:
select * from (select * from tabname order by name) where rownum<20,但这样一来,效率会较低很多。
后经笔者试验,只需在order by 的字段上加主键或索引即可让oracle先按 该字段排序,然后再rownum;方法不变:
“select * from tabname where rownum<20 order by name"
取得某列中第N大的行
select column_name from
(select table_name.*,dense_rank() over (order by column desc) rank from table_name)
where rank = &N;
假如要返回前5条记录:
select * from tablename where rownum<6;(或是rownum <= 5 或是rownum != 6)
假如要返回第5-9条记录:
select * from tablename
where …
and rownum<10
minus
select * from tablename
where …
and rownum<5
order by name
选出结果后用name排序显示结果。(先选再排序)
注意:只能用以上符号(<、<=、!=)。
select * from tablename where rownum != 10;返回的是前9条记录。
不能用:>,>=,=,Between...and。由于rownum是一个总是从1开始的伪列,Oracle 认为这种条件 不成立,查不到记录.
另外,这个方法更快:
select * from (
select rownum r,a from yourtable
where rownum <= 20
order by name )
where r > 10
这样取出第11-20条记录!(先选再排序再选)
要先排序再选则须用select嵌套:内层排序外层选。
rownum是随着结果集生成的,一旦生成,就不会变化了;同时,生成的结果是依次递加的,没有1就永远不会有2!
rownum 是在 查询集合产生的过程中产生的伪列,并且如果where条件中存在 rownum 条件的话,则:
1: 假如 判定条件是常量,则:
只能 rownum = 1, <= 大于1 的自然数, = 大于1 的数是没有结果的, 大于一个数也是没有结果的
即 当出现一个 rownum 不满足条件的时候则 查询结束 this is stop key!
2: 当判定值不是常量的时候
若条件是 = var , 则只有当 var 为1 的时候才满足条件,这个时候不存在 stop key ,必须进行 full scan ,对每个满足其他where条件的数据进行判定
选出一行后才能去选rownum=2的行……
第二篇:
今天找到了Orcale对分页的讲述:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/06-sep/o56asktom.html
下面是可以正常工作的分页SQL
其中A是最内层查询结果的别名
下面是非常关键的一节,讲的十分清楚,推荐各位仔细看看,对了解数据库查询如何工作有帮助:
How ROWNUM Works
ROWNUM is a pseudocolumn (not a real column) that is available in a query. ROWNUM will be assigned the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
N
, where
N
is the number of rows in the set ROWNUM is used with. A ROWNUM value is not assignedpermanently to a row (this is a common misconception). A row in a table does not have a number; you cannot ask for row 5 from a table—there is no such thing.
!ROWNUM是在什么时候被赋予每条记录的!
Also confusing to many people is when a ROWNUM value is actually assigned. A ROWNUM value is assigned to a row after it passes the predicate phase of the query but before the query does any sorting or aggregation. Also, a ROWNUM value is incremented only after it is assigned, which is why the following query will never return a row:
select *
from t
where ROWNUM > 1;
Because ROWNUM > 1 is not true for the first row, ROWNUM does not advance to 2. Hence, no ROWNUM value ever gets to be greater than 1. Consider a query with this structure:
select ..., ROWNUM
from t
where <where clause>
group by <columns>
having <having clause>
order by <columns>;
Think of it as being processed in this order:
1.
The FROM/WHERE clause goes first.
2.
ROWNUM is assigned and incremented to each output row from the FROM/WHERE clause.
3.
SELECT is applied.
4.
GROUP BY is applied.
5.
HAVING is applied.
6.
ORDER BY is applied.
That is why a query in the following form is almost certainly an error:
select *
from emp
where ROWNUM <= 5
order by sal desc;
The intention was most likely to get the five highest-paid people—a top-
N
query. What the query will return is five random records (the first five the query happens to hit), sorted by salary. The procedural pseudocode for this query is as follows:
ROWNUM = 1
for x in
( select * from emp )
loop
exit when NOT(ROWNUM <= 5)
OUTPUT record to temp
ROWNUM = ROWNUM+1
end loop
SORT TEMP
It gets the first five records and then sorts them. A query with WHERE ROWNUM = 5 or WHERE ROWNUM > 5 doesn't make sense. This is because a ROWNUM value is assigned to a row during the predicate evaluation and gets incremented only after a row passes the WHERE clause.
Here is the correct version of this query:
select *
from
( select *
from emp
order by sal desc )
where ROWNUM <= 5;
This version will sort EMP by salary descending and then return the first five records it encounters (the top-five records). As you'll see in the top-
N
discussion coming up shortly, Oracle Database doesn't really sort the entire result set—it is smarter than that—but conceptually that is what takes place.
第三篇:自已的例子
select * from(select rownum r,ename,sal from(select ename,sal from scott.emp order by sal desc) a where r<7) b where r>3;
select * from(select deptno,sal,row_num() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) as t from scott.emp) where t<7and t>3