今天上午碰到这样一个问，就是在向catalina.sh里添加信息＜CATALINA_OPTS="-Dcom.onewaveinc.WebPro=/home/jakarta-tomcat-4.1.30/webapps/ROOT/webpro.xml"＞时，再重新启动Tomcat就会报bin/startup.sh文件找不到的错误，利用bin/catalina.sh start命令也不行，经过询问朋友才最终明白是什么原因．
解决：
原来我是把linux服务器上的catalina.sh文件下载到本地后做修改，然后再传到服务器上，这时候上传的文件没有执行权限，所以出现了那种错误，这时需要用chmod修改文件的执行权限，或者直接在服务器上修改就可以了．
感悟：知道的还是太少了，学吧，呵呵，你就学吧．．．．．．
附：
chmod命令详解
指令名称 : chmod
使用权限 : 所有使用者
使用方式 : chmod [-cfvR] [--help] [--version] mode file...
说明 : Linux/Unix 的档案调用权限分为三级 : 档案拥有者、群组、其他。利用 chmod 可以藉以控制档案如何被他人所调用。
参数 :
mode : 权限设定字串，格式如下 : [ugoa...][[+-=][rwxX]...][,...]，其中
u 表示该档案的拥有者，g 表示与该档案的拥有者属于同一个群体(group)者，o 表示其他以外的人，a 表示这三者皆是。
+ 表示增加权限、- 表示取消权限、= 表示唯一设定权限。
r 表示可读取，w 表示可写入，x 表示可执行，X 表示只有当该档案是个子目录或者该档案已经被设定过为可执行。
-c : 若该档案权限确实已经更改，才显示其更改动作
-f : 若该档案权限无法被更改也不要显示错误讯息
-v : 显示权限变更的详细资料
-R : 对目前目录下的所有档案与子目录进行相同的权限变更(即以递回的方式逐个变更)
--help : 显示辅助说明
--version : 显示版本
范例 :将档案 file1.txt 设为所有人皆可读取 :
chmod ugo+r file1.txt
将档案 file1.txt 设为所有人皆可读取 :
chmod a+r file1.txt
将档案 file1.txt 与 file2.txt 设为该档案拥有者，与其所属同一个群体者可写入，但其他以外的人则不可写入 :
chmod ug+w,o-w file1.txt file2.txt
将 ex1.py 设定为只有该档案拥有者可以执行 :
chmod u+x ex1.py
将目前目录下的所有档案与子目录皆设为任何人可读取 :
chmod -R a+r *
此外chmod也可以用数字来表示权限如 chmod 777 file
语法为：chmod abc file
其中a,b,c各为一个数字，分别表示User、Group、及Other的权限。
r=4，w=2，x=1
若要rwx属性则4+2+1=7；
若要rw-属性则4+2=6；
若要r-x属性则4+1=7。
范例：
chmod a=rwx file
和
chmod 777 file
效果相同
chmod ug=rwx,o=x file
和
chmod 771 file
效果相同
若用chmod 4755 filename可使此程序具有root的权限
catalina.sh详解：
1 - 概述
脚本catalina.sh用于启动和关闭tomcat服务器，是最关键的脚本
另外的脚本startup.sh和shutdown.sh都是使用不同的参数调用了该脚本
该脚本的使用方法如下（引自该脚本本身）：
echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"
echo "commands:"
echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger"
echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager"
echo " embedded Start Catalina in embedded mode"
echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger"
echo " run Start Catalina in the current window"
echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager"
echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window"
echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager"
echo " stop Stop Catalina"
2 - 脚本分析
#!/bin/sh
# =============================================================
# 该脚本设置正确的环境变量和系统信息，然后启动或者停止tomcat server
# 具体的操作是：
# 使用命令行参数作为args的实参，调用org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(String[])
# ==============================================================
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
#
# Environment Variable Prequisites
#
# CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
#
# CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
# of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
# the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
#
# CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
# "stop", or "run" command is executed.
#
# CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
# the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
# $CATALINA_BASE/temp.
#
# JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
#
# JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
# "stop", or "run" command is executed.
#
# JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
# command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
#
# JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
# command is executed. The default is 8000.
#
# JSSE_HOME (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension
# (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the
# system class path used to start Tomcat.
#
# CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid
# of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
cygwin=false
case "`uname`" in
CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
esac
# PRG是被执行的脚本的名称，可以认为PRG=="catalina.sh"，也可能是某个符号链，指向该脚本。
PRG="$0"
# 处理了一下PRG，等循环跳出之后PRG成为 ????
while [ -h "$PRG" ]; do
ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
if expr "$link" : '.*/.*' > /dev/null; then
PRG="$link"
else
PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
fi
done
# PRGDIR是PRG的目录路径名称
PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
# 执行$CATALINA_HOME/BIN/setenv.sh来设置环境变量
# [ -r filename ] 是判断是否文件存在且可读
CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." ; pwd`
if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh ]; then
. "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh
fi
# For Cygwin, 确保所有的路径名都符合UNIX格式
if $cygwin; then
[ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] && JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
[ -n "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"`
[ -n "$CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"`
[ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] && CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
[ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ] && JSSE_HOME=`cygpath --path --unix "$JSSE_HOME"`
fi
# 设置用来初始化SystemClassLoader的CLASSPATH变量：通过执行脚本setclasspath.sh完成
# 注意：脚本setclasspath.sh改变了原来的$CLASSPATH变量，而把它设为：
# CLASSPATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
# 其中bootstrap.jar是package org.apache.catalina.startup的打包文件，
# 含有启动方法org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(String[] args)
# tools.jar含有javac编译器，用来把jsp文件编译成为servlet class
if [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then
BASEDIR="$CATALINA_HOME"
. "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setclasspath.sh
else
echo "Cannot find $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setclasspath.sh"
echo "This file is needed to run this program"
exit 1
fi
# 在CLASSPATH环境变量后面补上一些JAR文件
# [ -n string ] 判断字符串是否长度非0；[ -z string ] 判断字符串是否长度为0
# 它们可以用来判断是否某个环境变量已经被设置
if [ -n "$JSSE_HOME" ]; then
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jcert.jar:"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jnet.jar:"$JSSE_HOME"/lib/jsse.jar
fi
CLASSPATH="$CLASSPATH":"$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/bootstrap.jar
# 指定CATALINA_BASE变量
# 如果CATALINA_BASE没有值，就让CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME
if [ -z "$CATALINA_BASE" ] ; then
CATALINA_BASE="$CATALINA_HOME"
fi
# 指定CATALINA_TMPDIR变量
# 如果CATALINA_TMPDIR没有值，就让CATALINA_TMPDIR=$CATALINA_BASE/temp
if [ -z "$CATALINA_TMPDIR" ] ; then
# Define the java.io.tmpdir to use for Catalina
CATALINA_TMPDIR="$CATALINA_BASE"/temp
fi
# For Cygwin, 在执行java程序前把路径名转换成WINDOWS格式
if $cygwin; then
JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
CATALINA_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$CATALINA_HOME"`
CATALINA_BASE=`cygpath --path --windows "$CATALINA_BASE"`
CATALINA_TMPDIR=`cygpath --path --windows "$CATALINA_TMPDIR"`
CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
JSSE_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$JSSE_HOME"`
fi
# 显示信息，然后执行命令
echo "Using CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
echo "Using CATALINA_HOME: $CATALINA_HOME"
echo "Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: $CATALINA_TMPDIR"
echo "Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME"
# ......当执行catalina.sh的参数是jpda的时候......
if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then
if [ -z "$JPDA_TRANSPORT" ]; then
JPDA_TRANSPORT="dt_socket"
fi
if [ -z "$JPDA_ADDRESS" ]; then
JPDA_ADDRESS="8000"
fi
if [ -z "$JPDA_OPTS" ]; then
JPDA_OPTS="-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,address=$JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=n"
fi
CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS $JPDA_OPTS"
shift
fi
# ......当执行catalina.sh的参数是debug的时候......
if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then
shift
if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
echo "Using Security Manager"
shift
exec "$_RUNJDB" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../jakarta-tomcat-4.0/catalina/src/share \
-Djava.security.manager \
-Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
else
exec "$_RUNJDB" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-sourcepath "$CATALINA_HOME"/../../jakarta-tomcat-4.0/catalina/src/share \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
fi
# ......当执行catalina.sh的参数是embedded的时候......
elif [ "$1" = "embedded" ] ; then
shift
echo "Embedded Classpath: $CLASSPATH"
exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Embedded "$@"
# +----------------------------------------------------+
# | ......当执行catalina.sh的参数是run的时候...... |
# | 在当前窗口中启动tomcat服务器！！！ |
# +----------------------------------------------------+
elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then
# 把参数run去掉
shift
# 如果参数是run -security，则启动Security Manager
if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
echo "Using Security Manager"
shift
exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Djava.security.manager \
-Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
# 如果参数是孤单的run，则在本窗口中启动tomcat服务器
# 在本窗口中启动的方法是使用exec，让当前进程fork一个新进程来启动tomcat，当前进程是tomcat的父进程
# 启动tomcat的类是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main("start");
else
exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start
fi
# +----------------------------------------------------+
# | ......当执行catalina.sh的参数是start的时候...... |
# | 在新窗口中启动tomcat服务器！！！ |
# +----------------------------------------------------+
elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then
# 把参数start去掉
shift
# 创建一个文件（如果文件不存在的话）$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out
touch "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out
# 如果参数是start -security，则启动Security Manager
if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
echo "Using Security Manager"
shift
"$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Djava.security.manager \
-Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
>> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &
if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
echo $! > $CATALINA_PID
fi
# 如果参数是孤单的start，那么在新窗口中启动tomcat
else
"$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \
>> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &
if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
echo $! > $CATALINA_PID
fi
fi
# +----------------------------------------------------+
# | ......当执行catalina.sh的参数是stop的时候...... |
# | 关闭tomcat服务器！！！ |
# +----------------------------------------------------+
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then
# 把参数stop去掉
shift
# 关闭tomcat服务器的类是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap->main("stop");
# 注意：java -D 是设置系统属性
exec "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
-Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \
-Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \
-Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" stop
# +----------------------------------------------------+
# | ......当执行catalina.sh的参数不可辨认的时候...... |
# | 打印帮助信息，由此查看各种参数代表的意义！！！ |
# +----------------------------------------------------+
else
echo "Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"
echo "commands:"
echo " debug Start Catalina in a debugger"
echo " debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager"
echo " embedded Start Catalina in embedded mode"
echo " jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger"
echo " run Start Catalina in the current window"
echo " run -security Start in the current window with security manager"
echo " start Start Catalina in a separate window"
echo " start -security Start in a separate window with security manager"
echo " stop Stop Catalina"
exit 1
fi