from:http://www.searchtb.com/2012/06/rolling-curl-best-practices.html

在实际项目或者自己编写小工具(比如新闻聚合,商品价格监控,比价)的过程中, 通常需要从第3方网站或者API接口获取数据, 在需要处理1个URL队列时, 为了提高性能, 可以采用cURL提供的curl_multi_*族函数实现简单的并发.

本文将探讨两种具体的实现方法, 并对不同的方法做简单的性能对比.

1. 经典cURL并发机制及其存在的问题

经典的cURL实现机制在网上很容易找到, 比如参考PHP在线手册的如下实现方式:

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function classic_curl($urls, $delay) {
    $queue = curl_multi_init();
    $map = array();
 
    foreach ($urls as $url) {
        // create cURL resources
        $ch = curl_init();
 
        // set URL and other appropriate options
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
 
        // add handle
        curl_multi_add_handle($queue, $ch);
        $map[$url] = $ch;
    }
 
    $active = null;
 
    // execute the handles
    do {
        $mrc = curl_multi_exec($queue, $active);
    } while ($mrc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
 
    while ($active > 0 && $mrc == CURLM_OK) {
        if (curl_multi_select($queue, 0.5) != -1) {
            do {
                $mrc = curl_multi_exec($queue, $active);
            } while ($mrc == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
        }
    }
 
    $responses = array();
    foreach ($map as $url=>$ch) {
        $responses[$url] = callback(curl_multi_getcontent($ch), $delay);
        curl_multi_remove_handle($queue, $ch);
        curl_close($ch);
    }
 
    curl_multi_close($queue);
    return $responses;
}

首先将所有的URL压入并发队列, 然后执行并发过程, 等待所有请求接收完之后进行数据的解析等后续处理. 在实际的处理过程中, 受网络传输的影响, 部分URL的内容会优先于其他URL返回, 但是经典cURL并发必须等待最慢的那个URL返回之后才开始处理, 等待也就意味着CPU的空闲和浪费. 如果URL队列很短, 这种空闲和浪费还处在可接受的范围, 但如果队列很长, 这种等待和浪费将变得不可接受.

2. 改进的Rolling cURL并发方式

仔细分析不难发现经典cURL并发还存在优化的空间, 优化的方式时当某个URL请求完毕之后尽可能快的去处理它, 边处理边等待其他的URL返回, 而不是等待那个最慢的接口返回之后才开始处理等工作, 从而避免CPU的空闲和浪费. 闲话不多说, 下面贴上具体的实现:

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function rolling_curl($urls, $delay) {
    $queue = curl_multi_init();
    $map = array();
 
    foreach ($urls as $url) {
        $ch = curl_init();
 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, true);
 
        curl_multi_add_handle($queue, $ch);
        $map[(string) $ch] = $url;
    }
 
    $responses = array();
    do {
        while (($code = curl_multi_exec($queue, $active)) == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM) ;
 
        if ($code != CURLM_OK) { break; }
 
        // a request was just completed -- find out which one
        while ($done = curl_multi_info_read($queue)) {
 
            // get the info and content returned on the request
            $info = curl_getinfo($done['handle']);
            $error = curl_error($done['handle']);
            $results = callback(curl_multi_getcontent($done['handle']), $delay);
            $responses[$map[(string) $done['handle']]] = compact('info', 'error', 'results');
 
            // remove the curl handle that just completed
            curl_multi_remove_handle($queue, $done['handle']);
            curl_close($done['handle']);
        }
 
        // Block for data in / output; error handling is done by curl_multi_exec
        if ($active > 0) {
            curl_multi_select($queue, 0.5);
        }
 
    } while ($active);
 
    curl_multi_close($queue);
    return $responses;
}

3. 两种并发实现的性能对比

改进前后的性能对比试验在LINUX主机上进行, 测试时使用的并发队列如下:

简要说明下实验设计的原则和性能测试结果的格式: 为保证结果的可靠, 每组实验重复20次, 在单次实验中, 给定相同的接口URL集合, 分别测量Classic(指经典的并发机制)和Rolling(指改进后的并发机制)两种并发机制的耗时(秒为单位), 耗时短者胜出(Winner), 并计算节省的时间(Excellence, 秒为单位)以及性能提升比例(Excel. %). 为了尽量贴近真实的请求而又保持实验的简单, 在对返回结果的处理上只是做了简单的正则表达式匹配, 而没有进行其他复杂的操作. 另外, 为了确定结果处理回调对性能对比测试结果的影响, 可以使用usleep模拟现实中比较负责的数据处理逻辑(如提取, 分词, 写入文件或数据库等).

性能测试中用到的回调函数为:

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function callback($data, $delay) {
    preg_match_all('/<h3>(.+)<\/h3>/iU', $data, $matches);
    usleep($delay);
    return compact('data', 'matches');
}

数据处理回调无延迟时: Rolling Curl略优, 但性能提升效果不明显.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Delay: 0 micro seconds, equals to 0 milli seconds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Counter         Classic         Rolling         Winner          Excellence      Excel. % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1               0.1193          0.0390          Rolling         0.0803          67.31% 2               0.0556          0.0477          Rolling         0.0079          14.21% 3               0.0461          0.0588          Classic         -0.0127         -21.6% 4               0.0464          0.0385          Rolling         0.0079          17.03% 5               0.0534          0.0448          Rolling         0.0086          16.1% 6               0.0540          0.0714          Classic         -0.0174         -24.37% 7               0.0386          0.0416          Classic         -0.0030         -7.21% 8               0.0357          0.0398          Classic         -0.0041         -10.3% 9               0.0437          0.0442          Classic         -0.0005         -1.13% 10              0.0319          0.0348          Classic         -0.0029         -8.33% 11              0.0529          0.0430          Rolling         0.0099          18.71% 12              0.0503          0.0581          Classic         -0.0078         -13.43% 13              0.0344          0.0225          Rolling         0.0119          34.59% 14              0.0397          0.0643          Classic         -0.0246         -38.26% 15              0.0368          0.0489          Classic         -0.0121         -24.74% 16              0.0502          0.0394          Rolling         0.0108          21.51% 17              0.0592          0.0383          Rolling         0.0209          35.3% 18              0.0302          0.0285          Rolling         0.0017          5.63% 19              0.0248          0.0553          Classic         -0.0305         -55.15% 20              0.0137          0.0131          Rolling         0.0006          4.38% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Average         0.0458          0.0436          Rolling         0.0022          4.8% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary: Classic wins 10 times, while Rolling wins 10 times 

数据处理回调延迟5毫秒: Rolling Curl完胜, 性能提升40%左右.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Delay: 5000 micro seconds, equals to 5 milli seconds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Counter         Classic         Rolling         Winner          Excellence      Excel. % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1               0.0658          0.0352          Rolling         0.0306          46.5% 2               0.0728          0.0367          Rolling         0.0361          49.59% 3               0.0732          0.0387          Rolling         0.0345          47.13% 4               0.0783          0.0347          Rolling         0.0436          55.68% 5               0.0658          0.0286          Rolling         0.0372          56.53% 6               0.0687          0.0362          Rolling         0.0325          47.31% 7               0.0787          0.0337          Rolling         0.0450          57.18% 8               0.0676          0.0391          Rolling         0.0285          42.16% 9               0.0668          0.0351          Rolling         0.0317          47.46% 10              0.0603          0.0317          Rolling         0.0286          47.43% 11              0.0714          0.0350          Rolling         0.0364          50.98% 12              0.0627          0.0215          Rolling         0.0412          65.71% 13              0.0617          0.0401          Rolling         0.0216          35.01% 14              0.0721          0.0226          Rolling         0.0495          68.65% 15              0.0701          0.0428          Rolling         0.0273          38.94% 16              0.0674          0.0352          Rolling         0.0322          47.77% 17              0.0452          0.0425          Rolling         0.0027          5.97% 18              0.0596          0.0366          Rolling         0.0230          38.59% 19              0.0679          0.0480          Rolling         0.0199          29.31% 20              0.0657          0.0338          Rolling         0.0319          48.55% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Average         0.0671          0.0354          Rolling         0.0317          47.24% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summary: Classic wins 0 times, while Rolling wins 20 times 

通过上面的性能对比, 在处理URL队列并发的应用场景中Rolling cURL应该是更加的选择, 并发量非常大(1000+)时, 可以控制并发队列的最大长度, 比如20, 每当1个URL返回并处理完毕之后立即加入1个尚未请求的URL到队列中, 这样写出来的代码会更加健壮, 不至于并发数太大而卡死或崩溃. 详细的实现请参考: http://code.google.com/p/rolling-curl/

5. 参考资料和延伸阅读

Filed under - 其他前端技术 13 Comments so far.

13 RESPONSES


  1. dulao5 on 21 六 2012

    我也写过一个相似的开源项目, 叫parallel-curl 。

    https://github.com/dulao5/parallel-curl

    除了rolling之外,还支持 curl的连