说实话,对servlet 3动态加载servlet的机制有些失望,本来期望着可以在运行时完成对servlet的注册和销毁,但现状是,只能在webapp启动在初始化时进行完成注册,可能是为了安全考虑吧.
在Servlet3.0中可以动态注册Servlet,Filter,Listener,在ServletContext对应注册API为:
/** * 添加Servlet */ public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, String className); public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, Servlet servlet); public ServletRegistration.Dynamic addServlet(String servletName, Class<? extends Servlet> servletClass); /** * 添加Filter */ public FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, String className); public FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, Filter filter); public FilterRegistration.Dynamic addFilter(String filterName, Class<? extends Filter> filterClass); /** * 添加Listener */ public void addListener(String className); public <T extends EventListener> void addListener(T t); public void addListener(Class<? extends EventListener> listenerClass); |
每个组件注册都提供三个方法,很细心。
下面谈谈动态注册Servlet,但不要希望太高,只能在初始化时进行注册。在运行时为了安全原因,无法完成注册。在初始化情况下的注册Servlet组件有两种方法:
1.实现ServletContextListener接口,在contextInitialized方法中完成注册.
2.在jar文件中放入实现ServletContainerInitializer接口的初始化器
先说在ServletContextListener监听器中完成注册。
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { ServletContext sc = sce.getServletContext(); // Register Servlet ServletRegistration sr = sc.addServlet("DynamicServlet", "web.servlet.dynamicregistration_war.TestServlet"); sr.setInitParameter("servletInitName", "servletInitValue"); sr.addMapping("/*"); // Register Filter FilterRegistration fr = sc.addFilter("DynamicFilter", "web.servlet.dynamicregistration_war.TestFilter"); fr.setInitParameter("filterInitName", "filterInitValue"); fr.addMappingForServletNames(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST), true, "DynamicServlet"); // Register ServletRequestListener sc.addListener("web.servlet.dynamicregistration_war.TestServletRequestListener"); } |
很简单,难度不大。
再说说在jar文件中的servlet组件注册,需要在jar包含META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer文件,文件内容为已经实现ServletContainerInitializer接口的类:
com.learn.servlet3.jardync.CustomServletContainerInitializer
该实现部分代码:
@HandlesTypes({ JarWelcomeServlet.class }) public class CustomServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer { private static final Log log = LogFactory .getLog(CustomServletContainerInitializer.class); private static final String JAR_HELLO_URL = "/jarhello"; public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> c, ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { log.info("CustomServletContainerInitializer is loaded here..."); log.info("now ready to add servlet : " + JarWelcomeServlet.class.getName()); ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet( JarWelcomeServlet.class.getSimpleName(), JarWelcomeServlet.class); servlet.addMapping(JAR_HELLO_URL); log.info("now ready to add filter : " + JarWelcomeFilter.class.getName()); FilterRegistration.Dynamic filter = servletContext.addFilter( JarWelcomeFilter.class.getSimpleName(), JarWelcomeFilter.class); EnumSet<DispatcherType> dispatcherTypes = EnumSet .allOf(DispatcherType.class); dispatcherTypes.add(DispatcherType.REQUEST); dispatcherTypes.add(DispatcherType.FORWARD); filter.addMappingForUrlPatterns(dispatcherTypes, true, JAR_HELLO_URL); log.info("now ready to add listener : " + JarWelcomeListener.class.getName()); servletContext.addListener(JarWelcomeListener.class); } } |
其中@HandlesTypes注解表示
CustomServletContainerInitializer
可以处理的类,在
onStartup
方法中,可以通过
Set<Class<?>> c
获取得到。
jar文件中不但可以包含需要自定义注册的servlet,也可以包含应用注解的servlet,具体怎么做,视具体环境而定。
把处理某类事物的servlet组件打包成jar文件,有利于部署和传输,功能不要了,直接去除掉jar即可,方便至极!