JAVA 对象拷贝
为什么需要有对象拷贝?
对象拷贝相对的自然是引用拷贝。java初学者经常会问,我这个方法要改变一个对象的属性,可以把参数传进去了,为什么没有改变了?
——基本数据类型传值,而对象传引用或引用的拷贝。
而有时候我们要获取到一个当前状态的对象复制品,他们是两个独立对象。不再是引用或者引用拷贝(实质都是指向对象本身)。就是说a是b的拷贝,b发生变化的时候,不要影响a。
对象拷贝有浅拷贝和深度拷贝两种。
1)浅拷贝
浅拷贝是指对象中基本数据类型得到拷贝,而引用数据类型并未拷贝。
提到拷贝自然和clone联系起来了,所有具有clone功能的类都有一个特性,那就是它直接或间接地实现了Cloneable接口。
否则,我们在尝试调用clone()方法时,将会触发CloneNotSupportedException异常。
eg:
1
public
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
2
{
3
public
DOG(String name,
int
age)
4
{
5
this
.name
=
name;
6
this
.age
=
age;
7
}
8
9
public
String getName()
10
{
11
return
this
.name;
12
}
13
14
public
int
getAge()
15
{
16
return
this
.age;
17
}
18
19
public
Object clone()
20
{
21
try
22
{
23
return
super
.clone();
24
25
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e)
26
{
27
return
null
;
28
}
29
}
30
31
public
String name;
32
33
private
int
age;
34
35
//
test
36
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
37
{
38
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
);
39
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();
40
dog1.name
=
"
dagou
"
;
41
System.out.println(dog2.getName());
42
System.out.println(dog2.getAge());
43
System.out.println(dog1.getName());
44
System.out.println(dog1.getAge());
45
46
}
47
48
}
49
运行结果:
xiaogou
2
dagou
2
2)深度拷贝
相对浅拷贝。实现对象中基本数据类型和引用数据类型的拷贝。
请先看下面代码:
1
class
AAA
2
{
3
public
AAA(String name)
4
{
5
this
.name
=
name;
6
}
7
8
public
String name;
9
}
10
11
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
12
{
13
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)
14
{
15
this
.name
=
name;
16
this
.age
=
age;
17
this
.birthday
=
birthday;
18
}
19
20
public
String getName()
21
{
22
return
name;
23
}
24
25
public
int
getAge()
26
{
27
return
age;
28
}
29
30
public
AAA getBirthday()
31
{
32
return
birthday;
33
}
34
35
public
String getBirth(AAA a)
36
{
37
return
a.name;
38
}
39
40
public
String name;
41
42
private
int
age;
43
44
public
AAA birthday;
45
46
public
Object clone()
47
{
48
try
49
{
50
super
.clone();
51
return
super
.clone();
52
}
catch
(Exception e)
53
{
54
return
null
;
55
}
56
}
57
}
58
59
public
class
TestClone
60
{
61
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
62
{
63
AAA Day
=
new
AAA(
"
test
"
);
64
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
, Day);
65
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();
66
//
dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
67
dog1.birthday.name
=
"
333
"
;
68
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
69
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
70
}
71
}
72
运行结果是:
333
333
而真正要实现拷贝还的加点代码,如下请对比上面和下面代码的异同之处:
1
class
AAA
implements
Cloneable
2
{
3
public
AAA(String name)
4
{
5
this
.name
=
name;
6
}
7
8
public
Object clone()
9
{
10
try
11
{
12
super
.clone();
13
return
super
.clone();
14
}
catch
(Exception e)
15
{
16
return
null
;
17
}
18
}
19
20
public
String name;
21
}
22
23
class
DOG
implements
Cloneable
24
{
25
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)
26
{
27
this
.name
=
name;
28
this
.age
=
age;
29
this
.birthday
=
birthday;
30
}
31
32
public
String getName()
33
{
34
return
name;
35
}
36
37
public
int
getAge()
38
{
39
return
age;
40
}
41
42
public
AAA getBirthday()
43
{
44
return
birthday;
45
}
46
47
public
String getBirth(AAA a)
48
{
49
return
a.name;
50
}
51
52
public
String name;
53
54
private
int
age;
55
56
public
AAA birthday;
57
58
public
Object clone()
59
{
60
try
61
{
62
super
.clone();
63
return
super
.clone();
64
}
catch
(Exception e)
65
{
66
return
null
;
67
}
68
}
69
}
70
71
public
class
TestClone
72
{
73
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
74
{
75
AAA Day
=
new
AAA(
"
test
"
);
76
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
, Day);
77
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();
78
dog2.birthday
=
(AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
//
特别注意这里
79
dog1.birthday.name
=
"
333
"
;
80
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
81
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
82
}
83
}
84
运行结果:
333
test
这样基本就达到了我们当初的母的。
但是明显的这种方法还是有许多不足,人们总是希望一个clone就是对象直接克隆。而上面还要对对象中的对象递归使用clone。下面提供一种更高级点的做法:
1
import
java.io.
*
;
2
3
class
AAA
implements
Serializable
4
{
5
public
AAA(String name)
6
{
7
this
.name
=
name;
8
}
9
10
public
String name;
11
}
12
13
class
DOG
extends
SerialCloneable
14
{
15
public
DOG(String name,
int
age, AAA birthday)
16
{
17
this
.name
=
name;
18
this
.age
=
age;
19
this
.birthday
=
birthday;
20
}
21
22
public
String getName()
23
{
24
return
name;
25
}
26
27
public
int
getAge()
28
{
29
return
age;
30
}
31
32
public
AAA getBirthday()
33
{
34
return
birthday;
35
}
36
37
public
String getBirth(AAA a)
38
{
39
return
a.name;
40
}
41
42
public
String name;
43
44
private
int
age;
45
46
public
AAA birthday;
47
48
public
Object clone()
49
{
50
try
51
{
52
super
.clone();
53
return
super
.clone();
54
}
catch
(Exception e)
55
{
56
return
null
;
57
}
58
}
59
}
60
61
public
class
TestClone
62
{
63
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
64
{
65
AAA Day
=
new
AAA(
"
test
"
);
66
DOG dog1
=
new
DOG(
"
xiaogou
"
,
2
, Day);
67
DOG dog2
=
(DOG) dog1.clone();
68
//
dog2.birthday = (AAA) dog1.birthday.clone();
69
dog1.birthday.name
=
"
333
"
;
70
System.out.println(dog1.getBirth(dog1.birthday));
71
System.out.println(dog2.getBirth(dog2.birthday));
72
}
73
}
74
75
class
SerialCloneable
implements
Cloneable, Serializable
76
{
77
public
Object clone()
78
{
79
try
80
{
81
ByteArrayOutputStream bout
=
new
ByteArrayOutputStream();
82
ObjectOutputStream out
=
new
ObjectOutputStream(bout);
83
out.writeObject(
this
);
84
out.close();
85
ByteArrayInputStream bin
=
new
ByteArrayInputStream(bout
86
.toByteArray());
87
ObjectInputStream in
=
new
ObjectInputStream(bin);
88
Object ret
=
in.readObject();
89
in.close();
90
return
ret;
91
}
catch
(Exception e)
92
{
93
return
null
;
94
}
95
}
96
}
97
输出:
333
test
上面的代码用序列化与反序列化实现了对象拷贝。比较通用。但是得注意的是其中的类得implements Serializable。
3)后记
我们如果利用强大的反射机制+序列化与反序列化,能做出更加灵活的对象拷贝。有兴趣的朋友可以自行去研究。
我在javaeye上看到一篇短文:http://www.javaeye.com/post/367014 主要讲的就是反射在对象拷贝中的应用。
posted on 2008-04-28 11:52
-274°C 阅读(10453)
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