本篇文章为在工作中使用JAVA反射的经验总结,也可以说是一些小技巧,以后学会新的小技巧,会不断更新。
在开始之前,我先定义一个测试类Student,代码如下:
- package chb.test.reflect;
-
- public class Student {
- private int age;
- private String name;
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public static void hi(int age,String name){
- System.out.println("大家好,我叫"+name+",今年"+age+"岁");
- }
- }<PRE></PRE>
package chb.test.reflect;
public class Student {
private int age;
private String name;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public static void hi(int age,String name){
System.out.println("大家好,我叫"+name+",今年"+age+"岁");
}
}
一、JAVA反射的常规使用步骤
反射调用一般分为3个步骤:
-
得到要调用类的class
-
得到要调用的类中的方法(Method)
-
方法调用(invoke)
代码示例:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Method m = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",new Class[]{int.class,String.class});
- m.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");<PRE></PRE>
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
Method m = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",new Class[]{int.class,String.class});
m.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");
二、方法调用中的参数类型
在方法调用中,参数类型必须正确,这里需要注意的是不能使用包装类替换基本类型,比如不能使用Integer.class代替int.class。
如我要调用Student的setAge方法,下面的调用是正确的:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",int.class);
- setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);<PRE></PRE>
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",int.class);
setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);
而如果我们用Integer.class替代int.class就会出错,如:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class);
- setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);<PRE></PRE>
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class);
setMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(), 15);
jvm会报出如下异常:
- java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: chb.test.reflect.Student.setAge(java.lang.Integer)
- at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethod(Unknown Source)
- at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:23)<PRE></PRE>
java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: chb.test.reflect.Student.setAge(java.lang.Integer)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethod(Unknown Source)
at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:23)
三、static方法的反射调用
static方法调用时,不必得到对象示例,如下:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Method staticMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",int.class,String.class);
- staticMethod.invoke(cls,20,"chb");
-
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
Method staticMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("hi",int.class,String.class);
staticMethod.invoke(cls,20,"chb");//这里不需要newInstance
//staticMethod.invoke(cls.newInstance(),20,"chb");
四、private的成员变量赋值
如果直接通过反射给类的private成员变量赋值,是不允许的,这时我们可以通过setAccessible方法解决。代码示例:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Object student = cls.newInstance();
- Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age");
- field.set(student, 10);
- System.out.println(field.get(student));<PRE></PRE>
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
Object student = cls.newInstance();//得到一个实例
Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age");
field.set(student, 10);
System.out.println(field.get(student));
运行如上代码,系统会报出如下异常:
- java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class chb.test.reflect.TestClass can not access a member of class chb.test.reflect.Student with modifiers "private"
- at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.reflect.Field.doSecurityCheck(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.reflect.Field.getFieldAccessor(Unknown Source)
- at java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Unknown Source)
- at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:20)<PRE></PRE>
java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class chb.test.reflect.TestClass can not access a member of class chb.test.reflect.Student with modifiers "private"
at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Field.doSecurityCheck(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Field.getFieldAccessor(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Field.set(Unknown Source)
at chb.test.reflect.TestClass.testReflect(TestClass.java:20)
解决方法:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Object student = cls.newInstance();
- Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age");
- field.setAccessible(true);
- field.set(student, 10);
- System.out.println(field.get(student));<PRE></PRE>
Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
Object student = cls.newInstance();
Field field = cls.getDeclaredField("age");
field.setAccessible(true);//设置允许访问
field.set(student, 10);
System.out.println(field.get(student));
其实,在某些场合下(类中有get,set方法),可以先反射调用set方法,再反射调用get方法达到如上效果,代码示例:
- Class cls = Class.forName("chb.test.reflect.Student");
- Object student = cls.newInstance();
-
- Method setMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("setAge",Integer.class);
- setMethod.invoke(student, 15);
-
- Method getMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("getAge");
- System.out.println(getMethod.invoke(student));