前一阵子有些朋友在电子邮件中问关于Struts 2实现文件上传的问题， 所以今天我们就来讨论一下这个问题。
实现原理
Struts 2是通过Commons FileUpload文件上传。Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹，然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中。从而我们就能够以本地文件方式的操作浏览器上传的文件。
具体实现
前段时间Apache发布了Struts 2.0.6 GA，所以本文的实现是以该版本的Struts作为框架的。以下是例子所依赖类包的列表：
清单1 依赖类包的列表
首先，创建文件上传页面FileUpload.jsp，内容如下：
<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< s:form action ="fileUpload" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" >
< s:file name ="myFile" label ="Image File" />
< s:textfield name ="caption" label ="Caption" />
< s:submit />
</ s:form >
</ body >
</ html > 清单2 FileUpload.jsp
在FileUpload.jsp中，先将表单的提交方式设为POST，然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data，这并没有什么特别之处。接下来，<s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的myFile属性。
其次是FileUploadAction.java代码：
package tutorial;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l ;
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024 ;
private File myFile;
private String contentType;
private String fileName;
private String imageFileName;
private String caption;
public void setMyFileContentType(String contentType) {
this .contentType = contentType;
}
public void setMyFileFileName(String fileName) {
this .fileName = fileName;
}
public void setMyFile(File myFile) {
this .myFile = myFile;
}
public String getImageFileName() {
return imageFileName;
}
public String getCaption() {
return caption;
}
public void setCaption(String caption) {
this .caption = caption;
}
private static void copy(File src, File dst) {
try {
InputStream in = null ;
OutputStream out = null ;
try {
in = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(src), BUFFER_SIZE);
out = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(dst), BUFFER_SIZE);
byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE];
while (in.read(buffer) > 0 ) {
out.write(buffer);
}
} finally {
if ( null != in) {
in.close();
}
if ( null != out) {
out.close();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static String getExtention(String fileName) {
int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf( " . " );
return fileName.substring(pos);
}
@Override
public String execute() {
imageFileName = new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);
File imageFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath( " /UploadImages " ) + " / " + imageFileName);
copy(myFile, imageFile);
return SUCCESS;
}
} 清单3 tutorial/FileUploadAction.java
在FileUploadAction中我分别写了setMyFileContentType、setMyFileFileName、setMyFile和setCaption四个Setter方法，后两者很容易明白，分别对应FileUpload.jsp中的<s:file/>和<s:textfield/>标志。但是前两者并没有显式地与任何的页面标志绑定，那么它们的值又是从何而来的呢？其实，<s:file/>标志不仅仅是绑定到myFile，还有myFileContentType（上传文件的MIME类型）和myFileFileName（上传文件的文件名，该文件名不包括文件的路径）。因此，<s:file name="xxx" />对应Action类里面的xxx、xxxContentType和xxxFileName三个属性。
FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的UploadImages文件夹下，新文件的名称是由系统时间与上传文件的后缀组成，该名称将被赋给imageFileName属性，以便上传成功的跳转页面使用。
下面我们就来看看上传成功的页面：
<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< div style ="padding: 3px; border: solid 1px #cccccc; text-align: center" >
< img src ='UploadImages/<s:property value ="imageFileName" /> ' />
< br />
< s:property value ="caption" />
</ div >
</ body >
</ html > 清单4 ShowUpload.jsp
ShowUpload.jsp获得imageFileName，将其UploadImages组成URL，从而将上传的图像显示出来。
然后是Action的配置文件：
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< package name ="fileUploadDemo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" >
< interceptor-ref name ="fileUploadStack" />
< result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts > 清单5 struts.xml
fileUpload Action显式地应用fileUploadStack的拦截器。
最后是web.xml配置文件：
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app id ="WebApp_9" version ="2.4"
xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
< display-name > Struts 2 Fileupload </ display-name >
< filter >
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp
</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter >
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</ filter-class >
</ filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >
< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list >
</ web-app >