一、报表函数简介：
回顾一下前面《Oracle开发专题之：窗口函数》中关于全统计一节，我们使用了Oracle提供的：
sum(sum(tot_sales)) over (order by month rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
来统计全年的订单总额，这个函数会在记录集形成的过程中，每检索一条记录就执行一次，它总共执行了12次。这是非常费时的。实际上我们还有更简便的方法：
SQL> select month,
2 sum(tot_sales) month_sales,
3 sum(sum(tot_sales)) over(order by month
4 rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) win_sales,
5 sum(sum(tot_sales)) over() rpt_sales
6 from orders
7 group by month;
MONTH MONTH_SALES WINDOW_SALES REPORT_SALES
---------- ----------- ------------ ------------
1 610697 6307766 6307766
2 428676 6307766 6307766
3 637031 6307766 6307766
4 541146 6307766 6307766
5 592935 6307766 6307766
6 501485 6307766 6307766
7 606914 6307766 6307766
8 460520 6307766 6307766
9 392898 6307766 6307766
10 510117 6307766 6307766
11 532889 6307766 6307766
12 492458 6307766 6307766
已选择12行。
over函数的空括号表示该记录集的所有记录都应该被列入统计的范围，如果使用了partition by则先分区，再依次统计各个分区。
二、RATIO_TO_REPORT函数：
报表函数特(窗口函数)特别适合于报表中需要同时显示详细数据和统计数据的情况。例如在销售报告中经常会出现这样的需求：列出上一年度每个月的销售总额、年底销售额以及每个月的销售额占全年总销售额的比例：
方法①:
select all_sales.*,
100 * round(cust_sales / region_sales, 2) || '%' Percent
from (select o.cust_nbr customer,
o.region_id region,
sum(o.tot_sales) cust_sales,
sum(sum(o.tot_sales)) over(partition by o.region_id) region_sales
from orders_tmp o
where o.year = 2001
group by o.region_id, o.cust_nbr) all_sales
where all_sales.cust_sales > all_sales.region_sales * 0.2;
这是一种笨方法也是最易懂的方法。
方法②：
select region_id, salesperson_id,
sum(tot_sales) sp_sales,
round(sum(tot_sales) / sum(sum(tot_sales))
over (partition by region_id), 2) percent_of_region
from orders
where year = 2001
group by region_id, salesperson_id
order by region_id, salesperson_id;
方法③
select region_id, salesperson_id,
sum(tot_sales) sp_sales,
round(ratio_to_report(sum(tot_sales))
over (partition by region_id), 2) sp_ratio
from orders
where year = 2001
group by region_id, salesperson_id
order by region_id, salesperson_id;