在学习"Android异步加载图像小结"这篇文章时, 发现有些地方没写清楚,我就根据我的理解,把这篇文章的代码重写整理了一遍,下面就是我的整理。
下面测试使用的layout文件:
简单来说就是 LinearLayout 布局,其下放了5个ImageView。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView android:text="图片区域开始" android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView2"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView3"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView4"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/imageView5"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></ImageView>
<TextView android:text="图片区域结束" android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TextView>
</LinearLayout>我们将演示的逻辑是异步从服务器上下载5张不同图片,依次放入这5个ImageView。上下2个TextView 是为了方便我们看是否阻塞了UI的显示。
当然 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中要配置好网络访问权限。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission> Handler+Runnable模式我们先看一个并不是异步线程加载的例子,使用 Handler+Runnable模式。
这里为何不是新开线程的原因请参看这篇文章:Android Runnable 运行在那个线程 这里的代码其实是在UI 主线程中下载图片的,而不是新开线程。
我们运行下面代码时,会发现他其实是阻塞了整个界面的显示,需要所有图片都加载完成后,才能显示界面。
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;
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import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;
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public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
@Override
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage(http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif, R.id.imageView3);
loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}
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private Handler handler = new Handler();
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private void loadImage(final String url, final int id)
{
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handler.post(new Runnable()
{
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public void run()
{
Drawable drawable = null;
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try
{
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(
new URL(url).openStream(), "image.gif");
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} catch (IOException e)
{
Log.d("test", e.getMessage());
}
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if (drawable == null)
{
Log.d("test", "null drawable");
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} else
{
Log.d("test", "not null drawable");
}
// 为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
SystemClock.sleep(2000);
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(ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id))
.setImageDrawable(drawable);
}
});
}
} Handler+Thread+Message模式
这种模式使用了线程,所以可以看到异步加载的效果。
核心代码:
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;
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import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;
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public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
@Override
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.imageView3);
loadImage2("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage2("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}
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final Handler handler2 = new Handler()
{
@Override
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public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1))
.setImageDrawable((Drawable) msg.obj);
}
};
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// 采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
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private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id)
{
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Thread thread = new Thread()
{
@Override
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public void run()
{
Drawable drawable = null;
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try
{
drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(
new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
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} catch (IOException e)
{
Log.d("test", e.getMessage());
}
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// 模拟网络延时
SystemClock.sleep(2000);
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Message message = handler2.obtainMessage();
message.arg1 = id;
message.obj = drawable;
handler2.sendMessage(message);
}
};
thread.start();
thread = null;
}
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}这时候我们可以看到实现了异步加载, 界面打开时,五个ImageView都是没有图的,然后在各自线程下载完后才把图自动更新上去。
Handler+ExecutorService(线程池)+MessageQueue模式能开线程的个数毕竟是有限的,我们总不能开很多线程,对于手机更是如此。
这个例子是使用线程池。Android拥有与Java相同的ExecutorService实现,我们就来用它。
线程池的基本思想还是一种对象池的思想,开辟一块内存空间,里面存放了众多(未死亡)的线程,池中线程执行调度由池管理器来处理。当有线程任务时,从池中取一个,执行完成后线程对象归池,这样可以避免反复创建线程对象所带来的性能开销,节省了系统的资源。
线程池的信息可以参看这篇文章:
Java&Android的线程池-ExecutorService 下面的演示例子是创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池。
核心代码
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;
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import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
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import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ImageView;
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public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
@Override
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
R.id.imageView3);
loadImage3("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage3("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}
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private Handler handler = new Handler();
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private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
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// 引入线程池来管理多线程
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private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id)
{
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executorService.submit(new Runnable()
{
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public void run()
{
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try
{
final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(
new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
// 模拟网络延时
SystemClock.sleep(2000);
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handler.post(new Runnable()
{
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public void run()
{
((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id))
.setImageDrawable(drawable);
}
});
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} catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
}
}这里我们象第一步一样使用了 handler.post(new Runnable() { 更新前段显示当然是在UI主线程,我们还有 executorService.submit(new Runnable() { 来确保下载是在线程池的线程中。
Handler+ExecutorService(线程池)+MessageQueue+缓存模式下面比起前一个做了几个改造:
把整个代码封装在一个类中
为了避免出现同时多次下载同一幅图的问题,使用了本地缓存 封装的类:
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;
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import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.URL;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.SystemClock;
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public class AsyncImageLoader3
{
// 为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
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// 固定五个线程来执行任务
private final Handler handler = new Handler();
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/** *//** *//** *//**
*
* @param imageUrl
* 图像url地址
* @param callback
* 回调接口
* @return 返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
*/
public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl,
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final ImageCallback callback)
{
// 如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
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if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl))
{
SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
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if (softReference.get() != null)
{
return softReference.get();
}
}
// 缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
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executorService.submit(new Runnable()
{
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public void run()
{
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try
{
final Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(
drawable));
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handler.post(new Runnable()
{
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public void run()
{
callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
}
});
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} catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
return null;
}
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// 从网络上取数据方法
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protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl)
{
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try
{
// 测试时,模拟网络延时,实际时这行代码不能有
SystemClock.sleep(2000);
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return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(),
"image.png");
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} catch (Exception e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
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// 对外界开放的回调接口
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public interface ImageCallback
{
// 注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
}
}说明:
final参数是指当函数参数为final类型时,你可以读取使用该参数,但是无法改变该参数的值。
参看:Java关键字final、static使用总结
这里使用SoftReference 是为了解决内存不足的错误(OutOfMemoryError)的,更详细的可以参看:
内存优化的两个类:SoftReference 和 WeakReference前段调用:
package ghj1976.AndroidTest;
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import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ImageView;
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public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
@Override
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public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.imageView1);
loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
R.id.imageView2);
loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
R.id.imageView3);
loadImage4("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
R.id.imageView4);
loadImage4("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
R.id.imageView5);
}
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private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
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// 引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
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private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id)
{
// 如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,
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new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback()
{
// 请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
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public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable)
{
((ImageView) findViewById(id))
.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
}
});
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if (cacheImage != null)
{
((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
}
}
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}