在项目中我们经常能遇到数据库有“一对多”的关系,比如下面两张表:
Student:
Class:
Class-Student就这样构成了一个简单的一对多关系。当然在实际的项目中,也可以再建立一张Relation表来保存他们之间的关系,在这里为了简单,就不做Relation表了。
现在在项目中,我需要将Class表中的数据list显示,当然也想显示选择了这门课的Student的StuName。也可以说是将一对多关系转换为一对一关系。我所期望的显示格式是这样的:
要做到这一点并不难,大体有两种思路:
1、在数据库中写一个函数
2、在程序中获取表Class与表Student所有数据,然后对比ClassID
那么,那种方法效率比较高呢?于是我写了下面的代码来进行一个简单的测试
View Code class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Sql sql = new Sql(); Stopwatch time1 = new Stopwatch(); Stopwatch time2 = new Stopwatch(); for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { time2.Start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { string sql1 = "select ID,[StuName],[ClassID] FROM [Student]"; string sql2 = " SELECT ID,ClassName from Class"; List<string> item = new List<string>(); string bl=""; DataTable dt1 = sql.getData(sql1); DataTable dt2 = sql.getData(sql2); foreach (DataRow dtRow2 in dt2.Rows) { foreach (DataRow dtRow1 in dt1.Rows) { if (dtRow1["ClassID"].ToString() == dtRow2["ID"].ToString()) { bl+=dtRow1["StuName"].ToString()+","; } } item.Add(bl); bl = ""; } } time2.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(time2.Elapsed.ToString());
time1.Start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { string sql3 = "SELECT C.ID, C.ClassName, dbo.f_getStuNamesByClassID(C.ID)as stuName FROM Class C"; DataTable dt = sql.getData(sql3); } time1.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(time1.Elapsed.ToString()); float index = (float)time1.Elapsed.Ticks / (float)time2.Elapsed.Ticks; Console.WriteLine("效率比" + index.ToString()); Console.WriteLine("============================="); }
Console.ReadLine(); } } |
View Code class Sql { public DataTable getData(string sql) { SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(); conn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=.\\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=Test;User Id=sa;Password=1;"; SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(sql, conn); conn.Open(); SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(comm); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); da.Fill(ds, "ds"); conn.Close(); return ds.Tables[0]; } }
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View Code --根据课程ID,返回选此课程的学生的名字,以逗号隔开 ALTER function [dbo].[f_getStuNamesByClassID] (@ID int) RETURNS nvarchar(50) begin declare @Result nvarchar(50); declare @stuName nvarchar(50); Set @Result=''; declare cur cursor for ( SELECT S.StuName FROM Class C LEFT JOIN Student S ON C.ID=S.ClassID WHERE C.ID=@ID ) open cur; fetch next from cur into @stuName; while(@@fetch_status=0) begin set @Result=@Result+@stuName+','; fetch next from cur into @stuName; end; --去除最后多余的一个逗号 IF @Result <> '' SET @Result=SUBSTRING(@Result, 1, LEN(@Result)-1); ELSE SET @Result=NULL; return @Result; en |
测试结果如下:
00:00:00.5466790
00:00:00.7753704
效率比1.418329
=============================
00:00:01.0251996
00:00:01.5594629
效率比1.521131
=============================
00:00:01.5124349
00:00:02.3286227
效率比1.539652
=============================
00:00:01.9882458
00:00:03.1007960
效率比1.559564
=============================
00:00:02.4476305
00:00:03.8717636
效率比1.581842
=============================
00:00:02.9129007
00:00:04.6332828
效率比1.590608
=============================
00:00:03.4006140
00:00:05.3971930
效率比1.587123
=============================
00:00:03.8655281
00:00:06.2574500
效率比1.618783
=============================
00:00:04.4532249
00:00:07.0674710
效率比1.587046
=============================
00:00:04.9540083
00:00:07.8596999
效率比1.586533
=============================
分析一下测试结果,不难发现每一个一千次所用的时间基本符合一个等差数列。当然第一个一千次由于要初始化,所以显得慢一些。
总体来说,在程序中用处理一对多关系,比在数据库中用函数处理效率要高35%这样。
那么如果我们在Student表中再添加一行这样的数据:
测试结果如下:
00:00:00.5519228
00:00:00.8206084
效率比1.486817
=============================
00:00:01.0263686
00:00:01.5813210
效率比1.540695
=============================
00:00:01.4886327
00:00:02.3516000
效率比1.579705
=============================
00:00:01.9807901
00:00:03.1495472
效率比1.590046
=============================
00:00:02.4613411
00:00:03.9278171
效率比1.595804
=============================
00:00:02.9246678
00:00:04.6961790
效率比1.605714
=============================
00:00:03.3911521
00:00:05.5018374
效率比1.62241
=============================
00:00:03.8737490
00:00:06.2716150
效率比1.619004
=============================
00:00:04.4047347
00:00:07.1796579
效率比1.629986
=============================
00:00:04.8688508
00:00:07.9477787
效率比1.632372
=============================
发现添加数据之后,效率比进一步加大
环境:vs2008,sql 2005
总结:根据测试结果来说,对于大规模高并发的数据库操作(在这里是10次循环,每次1000次读取数据),我们应该尽可能的避免使用数据库函数,而应该将数据全部取出来,在程序中进行处理
写在最后的话:对于我的程序、代码、思路等等一切的一切有不同见解者,欢迎留言讨论。这是我的第一篇博客,希望大家多多支持,如有不足望海涵。