第一步就是安装
Selenium这个模块，当然，前提是你的python已经安装好了
直接在dos窗口输入
pip install selenium完成一键安装
然后就可以新建一个py文件，在里面输入
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # available since 2.4.0 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # available since 2.26.0 # Create a new instance of the Firefox driver driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get("http://www.google.com") # find the element that's name attribute is q (the google search box) inputElement = driver.find_element_by_name("q") # type in the search inputElement.send_keys("cheese!") # submit the form (although google automatically searches now without submitting) inputElement.submit() # the page is ajaxy so the title is originally this: print driver.title try: # we have to wait for the page to refresh, the last thing that seems to be updated is the title WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.title_contains("cheese!")) # You should see "cheese! - Google Search" print driver.title finally: driver.quit() |
这样就打开google进行查找cheese!后打印标题并关闭浏览器
下面介绍各种获取浏览器内的各种元素的方法
By ID <divid="coolestWidgetEvah">...</div> element=driver.find_element_by_id("coolestWidgetEvah") By Class Name <divclass="cheese"><span>Cheddar</span></div><divclass="cheese"><span>Gouda</span></div> cheeses=driver.find_elements_by_class_name("cheese") By Tag Name <iframesrc="..."></iframe> frame=driver.find_element_by_tag_name("iframe") By Name <inputname="cheese"type="text"/> cheese=driver.find_element_by_name("cheese") By Link Text <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese">cheese</a>> cheese=driver.find_element_by_link_text("cheese") By Partial Link Text <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese">search for cheese</a> cheese=driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("cheese") By CSS <divid="food"><spanclass="dairy">milk</span><spanclass="dairy aged">cheese</span></div> cheese=driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#food span.dairy.aged") By XPATH <inputtype="text"name="example"/><INPUTtype="text"name="other"/> inputs=driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input") |
（相关的XPATH教程具体可以参考W3C的教程进行学习）
Using JavaScript
这么这是两个例子，例子一需要提前加载jqury的支持
element=driver.execute_script("return $('.cheese')[0]")
labels=driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("label")inputs=driver.execute_script("var labels = arguments[0], inputs = []; for (var i=0; i < labels.length; i++){"+"inputs.push(document.getElementById(labels[i].getAttribute('for'))); } return inputs;",labels)
User Input - Filling In Forms
select=driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")allOptions=select.find_elements_by_tag_name("option")foroptioninallOptions:print"Value is: "+option.get_attribute("value")option.click()
有些选择提取的元素是需要进行筛选的如
# available since 2.12fromselenium.webdriver.support.uiimportSelectselect=Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select"))select.deselect_all()select.select_by_visible_text("Edam")
那么这些form进行如何提交呢？
driver.find_element_by_id("submit").click() element.submit() Moving Between Windows and Frames <a href="somewhere.html"target="windowName">Click here to open a new window</a> driver.switch_to_window("windowName") driver.switch_to_frame("frameName") driver.switch_to_frame("frameName.0.child") |
切换一些弹出来的比如登录框等
Popup Dialogs
这类的有alerts, confirms, and prompts等
alert=driver.switch_to_alert()
返回的是一个弹窗的窗体对象
Cookies
# Go to the correct domaindriver.get("http://www.example.com")# Now set the cookie. Here's one for the entire domain# the cookie name here is 'key' and its value is 'value'driver.add_cookie({'name':'key','value':'value','path':'/'})# additional keys that can be passed in are:# 'domain' -> String,# 'secure' -> Boolean,# 'expiry' -> Milliseconds since the Epoch it should expire.# And now output all the available cookies for the current URLforcookieindriver.get_cookies():print"%s -> %s"%(cookie['name'],cookie['value'])# You can delete cookies in 2 ways# By namedriver.delete_cookie("CookieName")# Or all of themdriver.delete_all_cookies()
Changing the User Agent
profile=webdriver.FirefoxProfile()profile.set_preference("general.useragent.override","some UA string")driver=webdriver.Firefox(profile)
Drag And Drop
fromselenium.webdriver.common.action_chainsimportActionChainselement=driver.find_element_by_name("source")target=driver.find_element_by_name("target")ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(element,target).perform()
具体的详细用法可以参考官方文档：http://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.jsp