用nagios来监控网络服务器和网络服务
nagios可以对服务器进行全面的监控,包括服务(apache、mysql、ntp、
dns、disk、qmail和sshd等等)的状态,服务器的状态(up、down等等)。它是一个完全GPL协议的开源软件包,包含有nagios主
程序和它的各个插件,配置非常灵活,可以监视的项目很多,可以自定义shell脚本进行监控服务,非常适合大型网络。
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nagios的包含主动监控和被动监控。
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主动检查是通过监控中心的主机发出请求,让运行在远程主机上的nrpe守护进程收集信息,然后报告它,它通过web接口把数据显示在页面上。
它的工作原理如下:
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被动监控是当远程被监控主机处于防火墙之内的时候,只有远程主机可以访问到监控中心,防火墙之内可以设置另外一个监控中心,远程监控中心的nagios收
集服务器信息以后,和nsca报告,由naca客户端报告naca的服务器端,然后报告监控中心的nagios,通过web接口显示监控结果。
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nagios的功能非常强大,[url]http://www.nagios.org/[/url]是它的窝,只有e文、法文和日文,没有中文,可惜啊。
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我现在引用它的一段文字进行总结一下到底什么是nagios:
What Is This?
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什么是nagios?
Nagios® is a system and network monitoring application. It
watches hosts and services that you specify, alerting you when things
go bad and when they get better.
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Nagios was originally designed to run under Linux, although it should work under most other unices as well.
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Some of the many features of Nagios® include:
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Monitoring of network services (SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, PING, etc.)
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Monitoring of host resources (processor load, disk usage, etc.)
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Simple plugin design that allows users to easily develop their own service checks
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Parallelized service checks
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Ability to define network host hierarchy using "parent" hosts, allowing
detection of and distinction between hosts that are down and those that
are unreachable
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Contact notifications when service or host problems occur and get resolved (via email, pager, or user-defined method)
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Ability to define event handlers to be run during service or host events for proactive problem resolution
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Automatic log file rotation
Support for implementing redundant monitoring hosts
Optional web interface for viewing current network status, notification and problem history, log file, etc.
Nagios是一个监视系统和网络的应用程序。它监视你所指定主机和服务,当监视的内容变好或者变坏时发出警告。Nagios最初是被设计在Linux平台上运行的,然而现在在其他平台上也运行良好。
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Nagios的特性包括:
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监视网络服务(SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, PING, 等等)
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监视主机资源(处理器负载、磁盘空间等)
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容许用户开发自己的插件去检查自定义的项目;
通过使用“父主机”,定义网络主机的分层,容许探测主机down掉或者不可到达。
可以定义在主机或服务运行期间,事件发生以后如何处理和解决方式;
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自动记录错误日志;
支持冗余监视;
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可选web接口,通过web页面查看当前网络状态,提示和报告故障历史,日志文件等;
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Nagios的系统要求:
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Linux、Unix等
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apache
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GD库(1.63以上)
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zlib
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pnglib
jpeglib
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basic icons
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等,其中apache的安装在blog中已经有相关的文章,搜索一下就行;gd、zlib、pnglib和jpeglib安装比较简单,步骤:
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下载tarball
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tar zxvf xxx.tar.gz
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cd xxx
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./configure
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make && make install
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Nagios的安装过程(FreeBSD)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
nagios的安装比较简单,复杂的是设置和配置参数的设定。不过你要放松一点,毕竟我们要搞定它,不是吗?那就开始吧:
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1:获得最新的安装包,[url]http://www.nagios.org/download[/url]
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2:以root身份登录服务器,目前最新的版本是2.5:
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1)nagios,版本2.5:
fetch [url]http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...gios-2.5.tar.gz[/url]
or
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wget [url]http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...gios-2.5.tar.gz[/url]
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2)获得nagios插件,版本1.4.3:
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[url]http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourcefo...ns-1.4.3.tar.gz[/url]
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3)获得图库文件:
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[url]http://dl.sf.net/nagios/imagepak-base.tar.gz[/url]
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4)NRPE,版本2.5.2
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[url]http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...pe-2.5.2.tar.gz[/url]
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5)NSCA,版本2.6
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[url]http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...nsca-2.6.tar.gz[/url]
3:切换到root用户:
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sudo su
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4:解压缩
tar zxvf nagios-2.5.tar.gz
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5:建立运行nagios的用户:
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adduser nagios
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6:建立安装nagios的文件夹,并使这个文件夹的所有者为nagios:nagios
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mkdir /usr/local/nagios
chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios
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7:确认web服务器的用户
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可能会通过web接口执行一些命令,必须确定web服务器以哪个用户运行的,通常为:apache:
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grep "^User" /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
8:建立命令文件组
这个新的组会包括apache的用户和nagios的用户
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pw groupadd nagcmd
pw usermod apache -G nagcmd
pw usermod nagios -G nagcmd
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----------------------------------
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cat /etc/group
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nagcmd:*:9007:apache,nagios
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8:运行配置脚本并安装nagios
cd nagios-2.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-gd-lib=/usr/local/lib --with-gd-inc=/usr/local/include
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---------------------------------
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*** Configuration summary for nagios 2.5 07-13-2006 ***:
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General Options:
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-------------------------
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Nagios executable: nagios
Nagios user/group: nagios,nagios
Command user/group: nagios,nagios
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Embedded Perl: no
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Event Broker: yes
Install ${prefix}: /usr/local/nagios
Lock file: ${prefix}/var/nagios.lock
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Init directory: /usr/local/etc/rc.d
Host OS: freebsd6.0
Web Interface Options:
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------------------------
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HTML URL: [url]http://localhost/nagios/[/url]
CGI URL: [url]http://localhost/nagios/cgi-bin/[/url]
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Traceroute (used by WAP): /usr/sbin/traceroute
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Review the options above for accuracy. If they look okay,
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type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs.
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make all
make install
make install-init
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make install-commandmode
make install-config
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9:安装nagios-plugins
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tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.3.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.3
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios-plugins
make all
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make install
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安装完成以后在/usr/local/nagios-plugins-plugins会产生一个libexec的目录,将该目录全部移动到/usr/local/nagios目录下即可。
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mv /usr/local/nagios-plugins-plugins/libexec/ /usr/local/nagios/
10:imagepak-base.tar.gz的安装
tar –xvzf imagepak-base.tar.gz
解压以后是base目录
mv base/ /usr/local/nagios/share/images/logos/
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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现在开始配置:
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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1:配置web接口
假设你已经运行了apache,如果没有,请参考:
[url]http://localhost/upload/blog.php?do-showone-tid-18.html[/url]
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vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
添加如下内容:
ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin /usr/local/nagios/sbin
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<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin">
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Options ExecCGI
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AllowOverride None
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Order allow,deny
Allow from all
AuthName "Nagios Access"
AuthType Basic
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AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
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Require valid-user
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</Directory>
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Alias /nagios /usr/local/nagios/share
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<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/share">
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Options None
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AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
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AuthName "Nagios Access"
AuthType Basic
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AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
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Require valid-user
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</Directory>
修改完毕,保存文件,并重启apache:
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/usr/local/apahce2/bin/apachectl restart
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2:配置apache的BASIC认证:
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生成认证密码:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd –c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagios nagios
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apache接口配置完成。
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开始配置nagios:
cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/
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在/usr/local/nagios/etc下是nagios的配置模板文件-sample,把.cfg-sample文件全部拷贝成.cfg
例如:cp nagios.cfg-sample nagios.cfg
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全部拷贝完成即可.
#^
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vi minimal.cfg
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注释所有command:
注释的方法是在每一个定义语句前面添加”#“
修改cgi.cfg
修改use_authentication=1为use_authentication=0,即不用验证.不然有一些页面不会显示。
现在检查配置文件是否有语法错误:
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
如果正确,会显示以下结果:
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
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否则,需要根据提示进行修改配置文件。
配置文件等会再弄。现在启动nagios
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
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为了使nagios异常中断,我们使用daemontools启动:
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安装daemontool:
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mkdir -p /package
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chmod 1755 /package
cd /package
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fetch [url]http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.76.tar.gz[/url]
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cd admin/daemontools-0.76/
package/install
检查svscan进程是否启动:
ps aux | grep svscan
root 376 0.0 0.0 1636 0 con- IW - 0:00.00 /bin/sh /command/svscanboot
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root 411 0.0 0.0 1224 208 con- S 8Jul06 0:42.50 svscan /service
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ok,启动正常了。
cd /service
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mkdir nagios
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chmod 1755 nagios
touch ./run
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chmod 755 ./run
vi run
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
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export PATH
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exec env - PATH=$PATH "
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
mkdir log
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cd log
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touch ./run
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chmod 755 ./run
vi ./run
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#!/bin/sh
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exec setuidgid logadmin multilog t s1000000 n100 ./main
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mkdir main
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chmod 777 main
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chown nagios.nagios main
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touch status
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chown nagios.nagios status
svc -u /service/nagios/
svstat /service/nagios/
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root@## ps auxww | grep nagios
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root 23276 0.0 0.1 1176 488 ?? I 5:00PM 0:01.71 supervise nagios
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nagios 34251 0.0 0.3 2316 1552 ?? S 6:06PM 0:00.10 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
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root@##
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ok,现在把nagios服务做成自动启动的服务了。
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通过svc命令可以启动或者停止服务。
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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svc opts services
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opts is a series of getopt-style options. services consists of any
number of arguments, each argument naming a directory used by
supervise.
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-u: Up. If the service is not running, start it. If the service stops, restart it.
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-d: Down. If the service is running, send it a TERM signal and then a CONT signal. After it stops, do not restart it.
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-o: Once. If the service is not running, start it. Do not restart it if it stops.
-p: Pause. Send the service a STOP signal.
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-c: Continue. Send the service a CONT signal.
-h: Hangup. Send the service a HUP signal.
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-a: Alarm. Send the service an ALRM signal.
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-i: Interrupt. Send the service an INT signal.
-t: Terminate. Send the service a TERM signal.
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-k: Kill. Send the service a KILL signal.
-x: Exit. supervise will exit as soon as the service is down. If you
use this option on a stable system, you're doing something wrong;
supervise is designed to run forever.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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比如:
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停止nagios--svc -d /service/nagios/
重启nagios--svc -t /service/nagios/
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启动nagios--svc -u /service/nagios/
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当然,你也可以使用inited的方式进行:
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/usr/local/etc/rc.d/nagios start/stop
好了,反正daemontools很强大,以后慢慢熟悉,转入正题。
现在打开网页:[url]http://localhost/nagios/[/url]
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一定会让你大吃一惊,呵呵,我的服务器和服务状态都清楚的看到了。
现在我们的nagios中只有一个,那就是它自己,localhost,呵呵,等会我们添加别的主机和主机服务,ok,我们认识一下nagios的庐山真面目:
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配置nagios:
1)为主机添加服务
2)添加主机并添加服务
3)停止一个服务
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4)删除一台主机和服务
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5)查看所有主机的故障
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6)查看一台特定的主机状态
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7)改变报警的时间间隔
8)改变发现故障的重试次数
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9)如何在nagios中使用外部命令
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1)为主机添加一个服务
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为localhost主机添加qmail服务的监控,方法如下:
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vi minimal.cfg
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name localhost
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service_description qmail_smtp
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is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
check_command check_smtp!20%!10%!/
}
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可以直接拷贝原有的进行修改,我这个就是拷贝的原有的check_local_disk进行的。
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修改host_name,service_description,check_command等
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name localhost
service_description qmail_pop3
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is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
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notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_pop!20%!10%!/
}
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照猫画虎的进行修改,然后去修改:
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vi checkcommands.cfg
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#'check_qmail' command definition
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define command{
command_name check_qmail
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command_line $USER1$/check_smtp -H 127.0.0.1
}
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define command{
command_name check_pop3
command_line $USER1$/check_pop -H 127.0.0.1
}
保存,然后检查配置文件:
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
如果没有错误会显示:
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Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
如果有错误,请根据提示进行错误的修正。
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重启nagios
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svc -d /service/nagios/ && svc -u /service/nagios/
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通过web页面检查nagios的结果:
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[url]http://10.5.1.153/nagios/[/url]
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点击“Service Detail”
会出现:
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2)添加主机并添加服务
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我们会监控这台主机的负载、磁盘等一些没有通过端口方式启动的服务器状态,以及它的服务,比如:apache、mysql、qmail和ntp等等吧。那
么没有端口的nagios直接能监控到吗?答案是不行。所以我们必须在两台主机上安装nrpe,nrpe可以启动5666端口,把检测的信息源源不断的传
给监控中心的主机。
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ok,我们把apache、mysql、qmail和ntp先加上,这回我们把监控的主机和服务新建一个文件:
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cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/
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touch 10_5_1_156.cfg
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vi nagios.cfg
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cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/10_5_1_156.cfg
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vi 10_5_1_156.cfg
定义一个主机:
define host{
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use generic-host ; Name of host template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
alias client
address 10.5.1.156
check_command check-host-alive
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max_check_attempts 1
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check_period 24x7
notification_interval 120
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notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,r
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contact_groups admins
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}
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定义主机需要检查的服务:
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
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service_description PING
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
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notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
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define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
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service_description apache
is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_http!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
service_description mysql
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_mysql!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
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service_description ntp
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_ntp!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
service_description qmail_smtp
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_smtp!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
service_description qmail_pop3
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is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
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notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
check_command check_pop!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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现在我们象上次一样把服务也定义完了:
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此时是不是多了一个主机和它下面的服务呢?那是肯定的,添加主机和服务可能出现的问题有如下情况:
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1:配置参数出现问题,如果你没有检查配置就启动nagios,可能会启动成功,但是显示会不正常;
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解决方法:调整配置参数
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2:Connection refused
当出现这个问题的时候,我开始以为是ssh的无密码登录没有成功,但是其实我的服务器没有启动该服务造成的,启动服务即可。
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但是这些是有端口的服务,没有使用端口的状态任何检测?
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使用nrpe,ok,我们现在在服务器上安装nrpe:
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一、远程主机的配置
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1、安装nrpe与配置
fetch [url]http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...pe-2.5.2.tar.gz[/url]
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tar zxvf nrpe-2.5.2.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.5.2
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./configure --enable-ssl --enable-command-args
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make all
mkdir -p /usr/local/nagios/etc
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mkdir /usr/local/nagios/bin
mkdir /usr/local/nagios/libexec
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pw addgroup nagios
pw useradd nagios -g nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/ -s /sbin/nologin
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chown -R nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios
cp ./sample-config/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc
cp src/nrpe /usr/local/nagios/bin
2、启动nrpe,端口为5666
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/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
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netstat -ant | grep 5666
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tcp4 0 0 *.5666 *.* LISTEN
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二、监控服务器上的配置
1、安装nrpe(主要是使用check_nrpe模块)
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fetch [url]http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...pe-2.5.2.tar.gz[/url]
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tar zxvf nrpe-2.5.2.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.5.2
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./configure --enable-ssl --enable-command-args
make all
cp src/check_nrpe /usr/local/nagios/libexec
2、nagios文件的配置
vi checkcommands.cfg
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定义check_nrpe命令
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# 'check_nrep' command definition
define command{
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command_name check_nrpe
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command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
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}
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三、上面我们已经配置了一部分参数,下面是配置的最终结果:
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define host{
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use generic-host ; Name of host template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
alias client
address 10.5.1.156
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check_command check-host-alive
max_check_attempts 1
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check_period 24x7
notification_interval 120
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notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,r
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contact_groups admins
}
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# 'check_load' command definition
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define command{
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command_name check_load
command_line $USER1$/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
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}
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# 'check_load' command definition
define command{
command_name check_disk
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command_line $USER1$/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
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}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
service_description PING
is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
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notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
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service_description apache
is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_http!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
service_description mysql
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
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notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_mysql!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
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service_description ntp
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_ntp!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
service_description qmail_smtp
is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
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d0?}
notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
check_command check_smtp!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
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service_description qmail_pop3
is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
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max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
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retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
check_command check_pop!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
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service_description test_load
is_volatile 0
} ^(}l0v2U;R:g)EM
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
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z
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
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notification_period 24x7
check_command check_load!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
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}
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define service{
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use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
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host_name test_nrpe
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service_description test_disk
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is_volatile 0
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check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
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normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
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contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
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notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
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check_command check_disk!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
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四、检查配置参数并重启nagios
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9)如何在nagios中使用外部命令
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vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
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check_external_commands=1
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mkdir /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
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chown nagios.nagcmd /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
chmod u+rw /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
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chmod g+rw /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
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chmod g+s /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
svc -t /service/nagios/
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
posted on 2009-05-06 15:36
Blog of JoJo 阅读(8743)
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