最近需要用到Quartz进行定时任务功能，通过近期研究发现，spring已经很好的集成Quartz,它主要是屏蔽了Quartz底层一些配置，使开发人员可以几乎不受到任何限制就能够利用Quartz进行定时任务的工作，这里主要是通过实例的方式对利用Spring进行Quartz定时开发的两种方式进行讲解。
１、功能需求
需要每个３０秒对系统指定目录进行扫描，把符合条件的文件进行解析入库工作，这里只提取出有关顶事任务的内容
２、研究一下Spring+Quartz结合方式，大体有两种方式可以达到定时任务功能
2.1 借助于Spring的org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean的类功能，继承Spring封装Quartz的org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean类,要实现executeInternal方法，并把其中涉及到需要定时任务处理的功能放入其中
Spring配置如下：
1
2 <bean id="saveProjectJob"
3 class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">
4 <property name="jobClass">
5 <value>
6 com.gresoft.components.fileupload.service.ParseFileQuartz
7 </value>
8 </property>
9 <property name="jobDataAsMap">
10 <map>
11 <entry key="readXmlService">
12 <ref bean="readXmlService" />
13 </entry>
14 </map>
15 </property>
16 </bean>
17 <bean id="saveCron"
18 class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
19 <property name="jobDetail">
20 <ref local="saveProjectJob" />
21 </property>
22 <property name="cronExpression">
23 <value>0/30 * * * * ?</value>
24 </property>
25 </bean>
26 <bean id="scheduler"
27 class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
28 <property name="triggers">
29 <ref local="saveCron" />
30 </property>
31 </bean>
注意上述红色字体<map>结点，这里主要是为了在定时任务需要使用到Bean,通过Spring给注入进来，如果不写明，就会报
java.lang.NullPointerException错误，主要是因为没有注入Bean
方法代码如下:
1package com.gresoft.components.fileupload.service;
2
3import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
4import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
5import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
6
7
public class ParseFileQuartz extends QuartzJobBean 
{
8
private readXmlService readXmlService;
9
10 @Override
11 protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobexecutioncontext)
12
throws JobExecutionException {
13 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
14 // System.out.println(genderManager.get(1).getGenderName());
15 readXmlService.refreshFileList("D:/tomcat/webapps/sanitation/upload");
16
}
17
18 public void setReadXmlService(readXmlService readXmlService) {
19 this.readXmlService = readXmlService;
20 }
21
}
22
2.2 借助于Spring 的org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean类，使用此方法使开发人员对Quartz完全透明，需要实现定时任务的方法只是一个普通方法
Spring配置文件如下：
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd">
3<beans>
4
5 <bean id="saveProjectJob"
6 class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
7 <property name="targetObject">
8 <ref local="parseQuartz" />
9
10 </property>
11 <property name="targetMethod">
12 <value>execute</value>
13 </property>
14
15
16 </bean>
17 <bean id="parseQuartz" class="com.gresoft.components.fileupload.service.ParseFileQuartzOther">
18 <property name="readXmlService" ref="readXmlService" />
19 </bean>
20<bean id="saveCron"
21 class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
22 <property name="jobDetail">
23 <ref local="saveProjectJob" />
24 </property>
25 <property name="cronExpression">
26 <value>0/30 * * * * ?</value>
27 </property>
28 </bean>
29 <bean id="scheduler"
30 class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
31 <property name="triggers">
32 <ref local="saveCron" />
33 </property>
34 </bean>
35
业务代码如下：
1package com.gresoft.components.fileupload.service;
2
3public class ParseFileQuartzOther {
4 private readXmlService readXmlService;
5
6
7 public void execute(){
8 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
9 // System.out.println(genderManager.get(1).getGenderName());
10 readXmlService.refreshFileList("D:/tomcat/webapps/sanitation/upload");
11 }
12
13 public void setReadXmlService(readXmlService readXmlService) {
14 this.readXmlService = readXmlService;
15 }
16}
17
注意：在Spring配置和Quartz集成内容时，有两点需要注意
１、在<Beans>中不能够设置default-lazy-init="true",否则定时任务不触发，如果不明确指明default-lazy-init的值，默认是false。
２、在<Beans>中不能够设置default-autowire="byName"的属性，否则后台会报org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException错误，这样就不能通过Bean名称自动注入，必须通过明确引用注入。
比如上例中的parseQuartz就是明确声明注入的方式
1<bean id="parseQuartz" class="com.gresoft.components.fileupload.service.ParseFileQuartzOther">
2 <property name="readXmlService" ref="readXmlService" />
3 </bean>
具体错误信息如下：
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'scheduler' defined in file [D:\workspace1\sanitation\web\WEB-INF\classes\spring\quartz.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.quartz.SchedulerConfigException: Failure occured during job recovery. [See nested exception: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.LockException: Failure obtaining db row lock: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS [See nested exception: com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.SqlException: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS]]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1362)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:540)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:485)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:455)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:251)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:169)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:248)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:170)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:407)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:735)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:369)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:251)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:190)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:3764)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4216)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:736)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Embedded.start(Embedded.java:822)
at EmbeddedTomcat.startTomcat(EmbeddedTomcat.java:85)
at EmbeddedTomcat.main(EmbeddedTomcat.java:102)
Caused by: org.quartz.SchedulerConfigException: Failure occured during job recovery. [See nested exception: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.LockException: Failure obtaining db row lock: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS [See nested exception: com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.SqlException: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS]]
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreSupport.initialize(JobStoreSupport.java:557)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreCMT.initialize(JobStoreCMT.java:144)
at org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.LocalDataSourceJobStore.initialize(LocalDataSourceJobStore.java:133)
at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.instantiate(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1204)
at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1355)
at org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean.createScheduler(SchedulerFactoryBean.java:687)
at org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(SchedulerFactoryBean.java:582)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1390)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1359)
23 more
Caused by: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.LockException: Failure obtaining db row lock: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS [See nested exception: com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.SqlException: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS]
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdRowLockSemaphore.executeSQL(StdRowLockSemaphore.java:112)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.DBSemaphore.obtainLock(DBSemaphore.java:112)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreSupport.executeInNonManagedTXLock(JobStoreSupport.java:3655)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreSupport.executeInNonManagedTXLock(JobStoreSupport.java:3624)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreSupport.cleanVolatileTriggerAndJobs(JobStoreSupport.java:693)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreSupport.initialize(JobStoreSupport.java:555)
31 more
Caused by: com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.SqlException: DB2 SQL error: SQLCODE: -204, SQLSTATE: 42704, SQLERRMC: DB2ADMIN.QRTZ_LOCKS
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.fg.e(fg.java:1596)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.fg.a(fg.java:1206)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.a.gb.g(gb.java:140)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.a.gb.a(gb.java:39)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.a.w.a(w.java:34)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.a.vb.g(vb.java:139)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.fg.n(fg.java:1177)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.gg.eb(gg.java:1862)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.gg.d(gg.java:2295)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.gg.V(gg.java:424)
at com.ibm.db2.jcc.b.gg.executeQuery(gg.java:407)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingPreparedStatement.executeQuery(DelegatingPreparedStatement.java:92)
at org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdRowLockSemaphore.executeSQL(StdRowLockSemaphore.java:92)
36 more
以上就是结合Spring使用Quartz编写定时任务两种方式，Spring很好的封装使用Quartz的细节，第一种方式是利用SPring封装的Quartz类进行特定方法的实现，第二种是通过透明的使用Quartz达到定时任务开发的目的，总体说第二种对开发人员更方便！