Spring声明式事务管理源码解读
简介:事务是所有企业应用系统的核心,之前人们使用ejb的时候,容器事务管理(CMT),是slsb最令人称道的地方,据说很多人使用ejb,使用slsb就是为了cmt,但是spring出现之后,格局就变了,因为程序员又多了一种选择,就是声明式事务管理,声明式事务管理是基于AOP的,及AOP是它的底层特性,本文的目的就是为了和大家探讨一下spring的声明式事务管理,从源代码来分析它的背后的思想。(
谢谢异常的建议,因为本文原来没有简介)
这个是我昨天在解决问题是看源码得一点体验,可能说得比较大概,希望大家多多讨论,把本贴得质量提高上去,因为spring实现的事务管理这部分我相信还是有点复杂的。一个人未必能想得十分清楚
在spring的声明式事务管理中,它是如何判定一个及标记一个方法是否应该是处在事务体之中呢。
首先要理解的是spring是如何来标记一个方法是否应该处在事务体之中的。有这样一个接口TransactionDefinition,其中定义了很多常量,它还有一个子接口TransactionAttribute,其中只有一个方法rollback。
TransactionDefinition中有很多常量定义,它们分别属于两种类型,传播途径和隔离级别
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- int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
/**
* Support a current transaction, create a new one if none exists.
* Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name.
* <p>This is typically the default setting of a transaction definition.
*/
int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0;
当然其中也定义了隔离级别
/**
- * A constant indicating that dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads
- * and phantom reads can occur. This level only prohibits a transaction
- * from reading a row with uncommitted changes in it.
- * @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
- */
- int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
* A constant indicating that dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads
* and phantom reads can occur. This level only prohibits a transaction
* from reading a row with uncommitted changes in it.
* @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
*/
int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
同时还有两个对应的方法来得到这样的传播途径和隔离级别
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- int getPropagationBehavior();
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- int getIsolationLevel();
/**
* Return the propagation behavior.
* Must return one of the PROPAGATION constants.
* @see #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
* @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isActualTransactionActive()
*/
int getPropagationBehavior();
/**
* Return the isolation level.
* Must return one of the ISOLATION constants.
* <p>Only makes sense in combination with PROPAGATION_REQUIRED or
* PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW.
* <p>Note that a transaction manager that does not support custom
* isolation levels will throw an exception when given any other level
* than ISOLATION_DEFAULT.
* @see #ISOLATION_DEFAULT
*/
int getIsolationLevel();
这个接口有一个默认的实现DefaultTransactionDefinition。然后它还有子类,比如说
DefaultTransactionAttribute。Spring在判断一个方法是否需要事务体的时候其实是创建一个TransactionAttribute实现的实例.
有了上面的简单介绍就可以进入真正判断是否需要事务的地方了。这个方法在TransactionAspectSupport类里,
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- protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(Method method, Class targetClass) {
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- final TransactionAttribute sourceAttr =
- this.transactionAttributeSource.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
- TransactionAttribute txAttr = sourceAttr;
-
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- if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
- final String name = methodIdentification(method);
- txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(sourceAttr) {
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- };
- }
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- TransactionInfo txInfo = new TransactionInfo(txAttr, method);
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- if (txAttr != null) {
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- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Getting transaction for " + txInfo.joinpointIdentification());
- }
-
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- txInfo.newTransactionStatus(this.transactionManager.getTransaction(txAttr));
- }
- else {
-
-
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- if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
- logger.debug("Don't need to create transaction for [" + methodIdentification(method) +
- "]: this method isn't transactional");
- }
-
-
-
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- txInfo.bindToThread();
- return txInfo;
- }
/**
* Create a transaction if necessary.
* @param method method about to execute
* @param targetClass class the method is on
* @return a TransactionInfo object, whether or not a transaction was created.
* The hasTransaction() method on TransactionInfo can be used to tell if there
* was a transaction created.
*/
protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(Method method, Class targetClass) {
// If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
final TransactionAttribute sourceAttr =
this.transactionAttributeSource.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);//就是在这里判断了这个方法的事务属性
TransactionAttribute txAttr = sourceAttr;
// If no name specified, apply method identification as transaction name.
if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
final String name = methodIdentification(method);
txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(sourceAttr) {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
};
}
TransactionInfo txInfo = new TransactionInfo(txAttr, method);
//TransactionInfo是TransactionAspectSupport的一个内部类,它的主要功能是记录方法和对应的事务属性
if (txAttr != null) {
// We need a transaction for this method
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Getting transaction for " + txInfo.joinpointIdentification());
}
// The transaction manager will flag an error if an incompatible tx already exists
txInfo.newTransactionStatus(this.transactionManager.getTransaction(txAttr));//这个方法要仔细的看
}
else {
// The TransactionInfo.hasTransaction() method will return
// false. We created it only to preserve the integrity of
// the ThreadLocal stack maintained in this class.
if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
logger.debug("Don't need to create transaction for [" + methodIdentification(method) +
"]: this method isn't transactional");
}
// We always bind the TransactionInfo to the thread, even if we didn't create
// a new transaction here. This guarantees that the TransactionInfo stack
// will be managed correctly even if no transaction was created by this aspect.
txInfo.bindToThread();
return txInfo;
}
TransactionInfo是TransactionAspectSupport的一个内部类,它的主要功能是记录方法和对应的事务属性,在上面这个方法的最后,这个TransactionInfo对象被保存到当前线程中。
而这个方法会在事务拦截器TransactionInterceptor中被调用,TransactionInterceptor实际上是TransactionAspectSupport的子类,看看其中的invoke方法:
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- Class targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null) ? invocation.getThis().getClass() : null;
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- TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass);
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- Object retVal = null;
- try {
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-
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- retVal = invocation.proceed();
- }
- catch (Throwable ex) {
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- doCloseTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
- throw ex;
- }
- finally {
- doFinally(txInfo);
- }
- doCommitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
- return retVal;
// Work out the target class: may be <code>null</code>.
// The TransactionAttributeSource should be passed the target class
// as well as the method, which may be from an interface
Class targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null) ? invocation.getThis().getClass() : null;
// Create transaction if necessary.
TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass);
Object retVal = null;
try {
// This is an around advice.
// Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
// This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
retVal = invocation.proceed();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// target invocation exception
doCloseTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
throw ex;
}
finally {
doFinally(txInfo);
}
doCommitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);//在这里执行方法结束之后需要的操作
return retVal;
这个方法就如同一般的interceptor需要实现的方法一样。只不过在这个方法里判断被反射的方法是否需要事务。
接着我们重点再回头看一下createTransactionIfNecessary方法里的这一句:
txInfo.newTransactionStatus(this.transactionManager.getTransaction(txAttr));
接着我们就应该去看看这个getTransaction方法了,假设我们是使用hibernate3,其他类似。看getTransaction之前我们来看一下这两类和一个接口
接口PlatformTransactionManager
抽象类public abstract class AbstractPlatformTransactionManager implements PlatformTransactionManager
类public class HibernateTransactionManager extends AbstractPlatformTransactionManager,很明显,这里有一个方法模板模式。
那我们看一下AbstractPlatformTransactionManager中得getTransaction方法:
- public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
- Object transaction = doGetTransaction();
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- boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
- if (debugEnabled) {
- logger.debug("Using transaction object [" + transaction + "]");
- }
-
- if (definition == null) {
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- definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
- }
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- if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
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- return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
- }
-
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- if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
- throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
- }
-
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- if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
- throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
- "Transaction propagation 'mandatory' but no existing transaction found");
- }
- else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
- definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
- definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
- if (debugEnabled) {
- logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
- }
- doBegin(transaction, definition);
- boolean newSynchronization = (this.transactionSynchronization != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
- return newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
- }
- else {
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- boolean newSynchronization = (this.transactionSynchronization == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
- return newTransactionStatus(definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
- }
- }
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
Object transaction = doGetTransaction();//抽象方法,也需要子类实现,这个方法同样很重要
// Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Using transaction object [" + transaction + "]");
}
if (definition == null) {
// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
}
if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
// Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
}
// Check definition settings for new transaction.
if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
}
// No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
"Transaction propagation 'mandatory' but no existing transaction found");
}
else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
}
doBegin(transaction, definition);
boolean newSynchronization = (this.transactionSynchronization != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
return newTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}
else {
// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
boolean newSynchronization = (this.transactionSynchronization == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
return newTransactionStatus(definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}
}
上面的代码很多地方都有解释,所以很好理解,这段代码的关键部分在doBegin(transaction,definition)这里(这是一个抽象方法,子类必须实现这个方法,
具体依赖于抽象,这个是对方法模板模式的一个概括。),前面讲到我们假设是使用hibernate,那么就看看HibernateTransactionManager这个类吧,doBegin里的参数1,transaction其实是HibernateTransactionObject的一个实例,这个实例里主要存放的就是sessionholder,sessionholder里存放的就是开始事务的session和transaction对象,如果之前没有sessionholder存放到线程中,那么这个HibernateTransactionObject的实例的属性其实是空的,这一点可以在doBegin方法的实现中看出来
- protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
- if (getDataSource() != null && TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getDataSource())) {
- throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
- "Pre-bound JDBC Connection found - HibernateTransactionManager does not support " +
- "running within DataSourceTransactionManager if told to manage the DataSource itself. " +
- "It is recommended to use a single HibernateTransactionManager for all transactions " +
- "on a single DataSource, no matter whether Hibernate or JDBC access.");
- }
-
- Session session = null;
-
- try {
- HibernateTransactionObject txObject = (HibernateTransactionObject) transaction;
- if (txObject.getSessionHolder() == null) {
- Interceptor entityInterceptor = getEntityInterceptor();
- Session newSession = (entityInterceptor != null ?
- getSessionFactory().openSession(entityInterceptor) : getSessionFactory().openSession());
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Opened new Session [" + newSession + "] for Hibernate transaction");
- }
- txObject.setSessionHolder(new SessionHolder(newSession), true);
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
if (getDataSource() != null && TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getDataSource())) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
"Pre-bound JDBC Connection found - HibernateTransactionManager does not support " +
"running within DataSourceTransactionManager if told to manage the DataSource itself. " +
"It is recommended to use a single HibernateTransactionManager for all transactions " +
"on a single DataSource, no matter whether Hibernate or JDBC access.");
}
Session session = null;
try {
HibernateTransactionObject txObject = (HibernateTransactionObject) transaction;
if (txObject.getSessionHolder() == null) {
Interceptor entityInterceptor = getEntityInterceptor();
Session newSession = (entityInterceptor != null ?
getSessionFactory().openSession(entityInterceptor) : getSessionFactory().openSession());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Opened new Session [" + newSession + "] for Hibernate transaction");
}
txObject.setSessionHolder(new SessionHolder(newSession), true);
}//我们看到,如果传进来的transaction中并没有存放sessionholder,那么就新建一个session,放到新的sessionholder中,再放到HibernateTransactionObject的实例中去,顺便说一下,这个变量的名字取得真是差,虽然是Juergen Hoeller写的,也要批一下,搞得别人会以为是Transaction的实例
- txObject.getSessionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
- session = txObject.getSessionHolder().getSession();
-
- Connection con = session.connection();
- Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
- txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
-
- if (definition.isReadOnly() && txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
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- session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);
- }
-
- if (!definition.isReadOnly() && !txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
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- FlushMode flushMode = session.getFlushMode();
- if (FlushMode.NEVER.equals(flushMode)) {
- session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
-
- txObject.getSessionHolder().setPreviousFlushMode(flushMode);
- }
- }
-
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- txObject.getSessionHolder().setTransaction(session.beginTransaction());
-
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- if (definition.getTimeout() != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
- txObject.getSessionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(definition.getTimeout());
- }
-
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- if (getDataSource() != null) {
- ConnectionHolder conHolder = new ConnectionHolder(con);
- if (definition.getTimeout() != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
- conHolder.setTimeoutInSeconds(definition.getTimeout());
- }
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [" + con + "]");
- }
- TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), conHolder);
- txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder);
- }
-
-
- if (txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
- TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getSessionFactory(), txObject.getSessionHolder());
- }
- }
- catch (Exception ex) {
- SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
- throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open Hibernate Session for transaction", ex);
- }
- }
txObject.getSessionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
session = txObject.getSessionHolder().getSession();
Connection con = session.connection();
Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
if (definition.isReadOnly() && txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
// Just set to NEVER in case of a new Session for this transaction.
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);
}//如果是只读事务,并且sessionholder是新建的,那么就设置hibernate的flushmode为never
if (!definition.isReadOnly() && !txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
// We need AUTO or COMMIT for a non-read-only transaction.
FlushMode flushMode = session.getFlushMode();
if (FlushMode.NEVER.equals(flushMode)) {
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
//如果session的flushmode是nerver,就设置为auto,因为如果事务定义成非readonly,那么这个session一定是可以flush的
txObject.getSessionHolder().setPreviousFlushMode(flushMode);
}
}
// Add the Hibernate transaction to the session holder.
txObject.getSessionHolder().setTransaction(session.beginTransaction());//开始一个事务,并把这个事务对象放到sessionholder中,随后这个sessionholder会通过threadlocal放到线程中,以供在commit时使用
// Register transaction timeout.
if (definition.getTimeout() != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
txObject.getSessionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(definition.getTimeout());//设置超时时间,如果其超时时间为-1,则不进行设置,如果不是-1,那么超时时间是这样设置的new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + millis*1000);既程序员在配置文件中指定的其实是秒数
}
// Register the Hibernate Session's JDBC Connection for the DataSource, if set.
if (getDataSource() != null) {
ConnectionHolder conHolder = new ConnectionHolder(con);
if (definition.getTimeout() != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
conHolder.setTimeoutInSeconds(definition.getTimeout());
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Exposing Hibernate transaction as JDBC transaction [" + con + "]");
}
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), conHolder);
txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder);
}
// Bind the session holder to the thread.
if (txObject.isNewSessionHolder()) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getSessionFactory(), txObject.getSessionHolder());//如果是新的sessionholder则绑定到线程。这样在进入方法栈中的下一个方法时就能得到整个sessionholder了,connectionholder亦是如此
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());//如果抛出异常就释放这个session,这个操作还会在后面出现
throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open Hibernate Session for transaction", ex);
}
}
通过以上对代码的注释可以知道,如果给service设置声明式事务管理,假设事务传播途径为required,然后一个service调用另一个service时,他们其实是共用一个session,原则是没有就创建,有就不创建,并返回之前已创建的session和transaction。也就是说spring通过threadlocal把session和对应的transaction放到线程之中,保证了在整个方法栈的任何一个地方都能得到同一个session和transaction。
所以如果你的方法在事务体之内,那么你只要通过hibernatesupportdao或者hibernatetemplate来得到session的话,那这个session一定是开始事务的那个session,这个得到session的主要方法在SessionFactoryUtils里,我们来看一下
(这里还有一个小细节,public abstract class SessionFactoryUtils ,Juergen Hoeller在写工具类的时候为了不能让其有实例使用的是abstract,而我们一般的做法是final类加private的构造方法,看上去不怎么雅观,看看源代码还是能学习到不少写代码的技巧的,这里还有一个插曲,上次feiing还说java为什么不能弄成final和abstract同时存在呢,这样就可以确保既不会有实例产生,也不能继承了,呵呵)
在SessionFactoryUtils的doGetSession里写到,如果当前线程有绑定session,则返回这个session,如果没有绑定session,则看是否允许创建(既allowCreate这个参数是true还是false,这个参数将会在很多地方设计到,比如说hibernatetemplate和hibernatedaosupport里都有),如果不允许创建就抛出一个原始的hibernateException,举个例子,如果你没有给某个service方法配置声明式事务管理,而却要在这个service所调用的dao里得到当前得session,这样就会抛这个错了:
- if (method.getName().equals("getCurrentSession")) {
-
- try {
- return SessionFactoryUtils.doGetSession((SessionFactory) proxy, false);
-
- }
- catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
- throw new HibernateException(ex.getMessage());
- }
- }
if (method.getName().equals("getCurrentSession")) {
// Handle getCurrentSession method: return transactional Session, if any.
try {
return SessionFactoryUtils.doGetSession((SessionFactory) proxy, false);
//最后一个参数是false,说明这个方法不能返回一个新的session,没有就抛异常
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new HibernateException(ex.getMessage());
}
}
到这里事务开始部分基本就结束了
按正常流程,那么接下来就是方法结束commit的问题了。