控制文件生成create 控制文件的脚本。
-- 注明noresetlogs
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace noresetlogs;
数据库已更改。
-- 没有注明noresetlogs，则会生成两份脚本：一份是noresetlogs，一份是resetlogs
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as 'd:\control.txt';
数据库已更改。
生成
控制文件的脚本信息：
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=ARC%S_%R.%T
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=%ORACLE_HOME%\RDBMS
-- FAL_CLIENT=''
-- FAL_SERVER=''
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=D:\app\Administrator\flash_recovery_area'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=DEFER
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SAMPLE.DBF'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2012_10_15\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2012_10_15\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF',
'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SAMPLE.DBF'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2012_10_15\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2012_10_15\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
为什么，数据库知道，控制文件的数量和位置呢？-- 通过系统参数
SQL> show parameter control_files;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
control_files string D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\O
RCL\CONTROL01.CTL, D:\APP\ADMI
NISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\
ORCL\CONTROL02.CTL