AOP作为Spring这个轻量级的容器中很重要的一部分,得到越来越多的关注,Spring的Transaction就是用AOP来管理的,今天就通过简单的例子来看看Spring中的AOP的基本使用方法。
首先确定将要Proxy的目标,在Spring中默认采用JDK中的dynamic proxy,它只能够实现接口的代理,如果想对类进行代理的话,需要采用CGLIB的proxy。显然,选择“编程到接口”是更明智的做法,下面是将要代理的接口:
public interface FooInterface {
public void printFoo();
public void dummyFoo();
}
以及其一个简单的实现:
public class FooImpl implements FooInterface {
public void printFoo() {
System.out.println("In FooImpl.printFoo");
}
public void dummyFoo() {
System.out.println("In FooImpl.dummyFoo");
}
}
接下来创建一个Advice,在Spring中支持Around,Before,After returning和Throws四种Advice,这里就以简单的Before Advice举例:
public class PrintBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("In PrintBeforeAdvice");
}
}
有了自己的business interface和advice,剩下的就是如何去装配它们了,首先利用ProxyFactory以编程方式实现,如下:
public class AopTestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FooImpl fooImpl = new FooImpl();
PrintBeforeAdvice myAdvice = new PrintBeforeAdvice();
ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(fooImpl);
factory.addBeforeAdvice(myAdvice);
FooInterface myInterface = (FooInterface)factory.getProxy();
myInterface.printFoo();
myInterface.dummyFoo();
}
}
现在执行程序,神奇的结果就出现了:
In PrintBeforeAdvice
In FooImpl.printFoo
In PrintBeforeAdvice
In FooImpl.dummyFoo
虽然这样能体会到Spring中AOP的用法,但这决不是值得推荐的方法,既然使用了Spring,在ApplicationContext中装配所需要 的bean才是最佳策略,实现上面的功能只需要写个简单的applicationContext就可以了,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<description>The aop application context</description>
<bean id="fooTarget" class="FooImpl"/>
<bean id="myAdvice" class="PrintBeforeAdvice"/>
<bean id="foo" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<value>FooInterface</value>
</property>
<property name="target">
<ref local="fooTarget"/>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myAdvice</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
当然,main中的代码也要进行相应的修改:
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
FooInterface foo = (FooInterface)context.getBean("foo");
foo.printFoo();
foo.dummyFoo();
}
现在运行一下,结果将和上面的运行结果完全一样,这样是不是更优雅?当需要更改实现时,只需要修改配置文件就可以了,程序中的代码不需任何改动。
但是,这时候会发现被proxy的object中的所有方法调用时都将运行advice中的before,这显然不能满足绝大多数情况下的需要,此时,只 需借用Advisor就可以了,当然要在Advisor中利用pattern设置好哪些方法需要advice,更改applicationContext 如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<description>The springeva application context</description>
<bean id="fooTarget" class="FooImpl"/>
<bean id="printBeforeAdvice" class="PrintBeforeAdvice"/>
<bean id="myAdvisor"
class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
<property name="advice">
<ref local="printBeforeAdvice"/>
</property>
<property name="pattern">
<value>.*print.*</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="foo" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<value>FooInterface</value>
</property>
<property name="target">
<ref local="fooTarget"/>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myAdvisor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
主程序不需进行任何修改,运行结果已经变样了:
In PrintBeforeAdvice
In FooImpl.printFoo
In FooImpl.dummyFoo
至此,应该已经理解了Spring中AOP的使用方法,当然Spring中AOP最重要的应用是Transaction Manager,举个这方面的applicationContext例子看看:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="location">
<value>/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName">
<value>${jdbc.driverClassName}</value>
</property>
<property name="url">
<value>${jdbc.url}</value>
</property>
<property name="username">
<value>${jdbc.username}</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>${jdbc.password}</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource"/>
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<value>smartmenu.hbm.xml</value>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="smartmenuTarget" class="SmartMenuHibernate">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="smartMenu"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="transactionManager">
<ref local="transactionManager"/>
</property>
<property name="target">
<ref local="smartmenuTarget"/>
</property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
要想彻底理解Spring的AOP,最好还是多看看源码,开源就是好啊!