现在webservice加xml技术已经逐渐成熟,但要真正要用起来还需时日!!
由于毕业设计缘故,我看了很多关于webservice方面的知识,今天和大家一起来研究研究webservice的各种使用方法。
一、利用jdk web服务api实现,这里使用基于
SOAP message 的 Web 服务
1.首先建立一个Web services EndPoint:
package Hello;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.jws.WebMethod;
import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;
@WebService
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public class Hello
{
@WebMethod
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public String hello(String name)
{
return "Hello, " + name + "\n";
}
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public static void main(String[] args)
{
// create and publish an endpoint
Hello hello = new Hello();
Endpoint endpoint = Endpoint.publish("http://localhost:8080/hello", hello);
}
}
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2.
使用 apt 编译 Hello.java(例:apt -d [存放编译后的文件目录] Hello.java ) ,会生成 jaws目录
3.使用java Hello.Hello运行,然后将浏览器指向http://localhost:8080/hello?wsdl就会出现下列显示
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4.使用wsimport 生成客户端
使用如下:wsimport -p . -keep http://localhost:8080/hello?wsdl
这时,会在当前目录中生成如下文件:
5.客户端程序:
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class HelloClient
{
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public static void main(String args[])
{
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HelloService service = new HelloService();
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Hello helloProxy = service.getHelloPort();
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String hello = helloProxy.hello("你好");
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System.out.println(hello);
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}
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}
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以上方法还稍显繁琐,还有更加简单的方法
二、使用xfire,我这里使用的是myeclipse集成的xfire进行测试的
利用xfire开发WebService,可以有三种方法:
1一种是从javabean 中生成;
2 一种是从wsdl文件中生成;
3 还有一种是自己建立webservice
步骤如下:
用myeclipse建立webservice工程,目录结构如下:
首先建立webservice接口,
代码如下:
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package com.myeclipse.wsExample;
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//Generated by MyEclipse
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public interface IHelloWorldService
{
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public String example(String message);
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}
接着实现这个借口:
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package com.myeclipse.wsExample;
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//Generated by MyEclipse
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public class HelloWorldServiceImpl implements IHelloWorldService
{
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public String example(String message)
{
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return message;
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}
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}
修改service.xml 文件,加入以下代码:
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<service>
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<name>HelloWorldService</name>
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<serviceClass>
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com.myeclipse.wsExample.IHelloWorldService
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</serviceClass>
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<implementationClass>
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com.myeclipse.wsExample.HelloWorldServiceImpl
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</implementationClass>
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<style>wrapped</style>
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<use>literal</use>
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<scope>application</scope>
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</service>
把整个项目部署到tomcat服务器中 ,打开浏览器,输入
http://localhost:8989/HelloWorld/services/HelloWorldService?wsdl,可以看到如下:
然后再展开HelloWorldService后面的wsdl可以看到:
客户端实现如下:
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package com.myeclipse.wsExample.client;
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import java.net.MalformedURLException;
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import java.net.URL;
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import org.codehaus.xfire.XFireFactory;
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import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client;
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import org.codehaus.xfire.client.XFireProxyFactory;
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import org.codehaus.xfire.service.Service;
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import org.codehaus.xfire.service.binding.ObjectServiceFactory;
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import com.myeclipse.wsExample.IHelloWorldService;
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public class HelloWorldClient
{
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public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, Exception
{
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// TODO Auto-generated method stub
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Service s=new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHelloWorldService.class);
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XFireProxyFactory xf=new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
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String url="http://localhost:8989/HelloWorld/services/HelloWorldService";
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try
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{
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IHelloWorldService hs=(IHelloWorldService) xf.create(s,url);
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String st=hs.example("zhangjin");
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System.out.print(st);
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}
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catch(Exception e)
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{
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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这里再说点题外话,有时候我们知道一个wsdl地址,比如想用java客户端引用.net 做得webservice,使用myeclipse引用,但是却出现无法通过验证的错误,这时我们可以直接在类中引用,步骤如下:
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public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, Exception
{
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// TODO Auto-generated method stub
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Service s=new ObjectServiceFactory().create(IHelloWorldService.class);
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XFireProxyFactory xf=new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory.newInstance().getXFire());
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//远程调用.net开发的webservice
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Client c=new Client(new URL("http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx?wsdl"));
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Object[] o=c.invoke("qqCheckOnline", new String[]
{"531086641","591284436"});
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//调用.net本机开发的webservice
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Client c1=new Client(new URL("http://localhost/zj/Service.asmx?wsdl"));
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Object[] o1=c1.invoke("HelloWorld",new String[]
{});
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}
三、使用axis1.4调用webservice方法
前提条件:下载axis1.4包和tomcat服务器 ,并将axis文件夹复制到tomcat服务器的webapp文件夹中
这里我就说一下最简单的方法:
首先建立一个任意的java类(例如:HelloWorld.java),复制到axis文件夹下,将其扩展名改为jws,然后重新启动tomcat,在浏览器中输入
http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws?wsdl,就会得到一个wsdl文件,其客户端调用方法如下:
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import javax.xml.rpc.Service;
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import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;
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import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceFactory;
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import java.net.MalformedURLException;
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import java.net.URL;
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import java.rmi.RemoteException;
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import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
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public class TestHelloWorld
{
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public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, ServiceException, RemoteException
{
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// TODO Auto-generated method stub
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String wsdlUrl ="http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws?wsdl";
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String nameSpaceUri ="http://localhost:8989/axis/HelloWorld.jws";
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String serviceName = "HelloWorldService";
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String portName = "HelloWorld";
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ServiceFactory serviceFactory = ServiceFactory.newInstance();
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Service afService =serviceFactory.createService(new URL(wsdlUrl),new QName(nameSpaceUri, serviceName));
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HelloWorldInterface proxy = (HelloWorldInterface)afService.getPort(new QName(nameSpaceUri, portName),HelloWorldInterface.class);
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System.out.println("return value is "+proxy.getName("john") ) ;
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}
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}
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四、使用axis2开发webservice(这里首先感谢李宁老师)
使用axis2 需要先下载
axis2-1.4.1-bin.zip
axis2-1.4.1-war.zip
http://ws.apache.org/axis2/
同理,也需要将axis2复制到webapp目录中
在axis2中部署webservice有两种方法,
第一种是pojo方式,这种方式比较简单,但是有一些限制,例如部署的类不能加上包名
第二种方式是利用xml发布webservice,这种方法比较灵活,不需要限制类的声明
下面分别说明使用方法:
1.pojo方式:
在Axis2中不需要进行任何的配置,就可以直接将一个简单的POJO发布成WebService。其中POJO中所有的public方法将被发布成WebService方法。先实现一个pojo类:
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public class HelloWorld
{
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public String getName(String name)
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{
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return "你好 " + name;
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}
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public int add(int a,int b)
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{
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return a+b;
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}
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}
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由于这两个方法都是public类型,所以都会发布成webservice。编译HelloWorld类后,将HelloWorld.class文件放到%tomcat%\webapps\axis2\WEB-INF\pojo目录中(如果没有pojo目录,则建立该目录),然后打开浏览器进行测试:
输入一下url:
http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/listServices
会列出所有webservice
这是其中的两个webservice列表,接着,在客户端进行测试:
首先可以写一个封装类,减少编码,代码如下:
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package MZ.GetWebService;
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import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
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import org.apache.axis2.AxisFault;
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import org.apache.axis2.addressing.EndpointReference;
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import org.apache.axis2.client.Options;
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import org.apache.axis2.rpc.client.RPCServiceClient;
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public class GetWSByAxis2
{
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private static String EndPointUrl;
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private static String QUrl="http://ws.apache.org/axis2";
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private QName opAddEntry;
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public String WSUrl;
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public RPCServiceClient setOption() throws AxisFault
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{
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RPCServiceClient serviceClient = new RPCServiceClient();
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Options options = serviceClient.getOptions();
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EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference(WSUrl);
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options.setTo(targetEPR);
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return serviceClient;
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}
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public QName getQname(String Option)
{
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return new QName (QUrl,Option);
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}
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//返回String
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public String getStr(String Option) throws AxisFault
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{
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RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
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opAddEntry =this.getQname(Option);
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String str = (String) serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opAddEntry,
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new Object[]
{}, new Class[]
{String.class })[0];
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return str;
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}
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// 返回一维String数组
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public String[] getArray(String Option) throws AxisFault
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{
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RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
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opAddEntry =this.getQname(Option);
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String[] strArray = (String[]) serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opAddEntry,
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new Object[]
{}, new Class[]
{String[].class })[0];
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return strArray;
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}
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//从WebService中返回一个对象的实例
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public Object getObject(String Option,Object o) throws AxisFault
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{
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RPCServiceClient serviceClient =this.setOption();
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QName qname=this.getQname(Option);
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Object object = serviceClient.invokeBlocking(qname, new Object[]
{},new Class[]
{o.getClass()})[0];
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return object;
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}
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///////////////////////////////////////// 读者可以自己封装数据类型,如int,byte,float等数据类型
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}
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客户端调用方法:
MZ.GetWebService.GetWSByAxis2 ws=new MZ.GetWebService.GetWSByAxis2();
ws.WSUrl="http://localhost:8989/axis2/services/HelloWorld";
HelloWorld hello= (HelloWorld)ws.getObject("getName", HelloWorld.class);
System.out.println(hello.getName("zhangjin"));
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2.使用service.xml发布webservice,
这种方式和直接放在pojo目录中的POJO类不同。要想将MyService类发布成Web Service,需要一个services.xml文件,这个文件需要放在META-INF目录中,该文件的内容如下:
<service name="HelloWorld">
<description>
HelloWorld webservice
</description>
<parameter name="ServiceClass">
service.HelloWorld
</parameter>
<messageReceivers>
<messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-out"
class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
<messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-only"
class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCInOnlyMessageReceiver" />
</messageReceivers>
</service>
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其中<service>元素用于发布Web Service,一个<service>元素只能发布一个WebService类,name属性表示WebService名,如下面的URL可以获得这个WebService的WSDL内容:
http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/myService?wsdl
除此之外,还有直接可以在其中制定webservice操作方法:可以这样些service.xml文件
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<service name="HelloWorld">
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<description>
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HelloWorld service
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</description>
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<parameter name="ServiceClass">
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service.HelloWorld
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</parameter>
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<operation name="getName">
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<messageReceiver class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
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</operation>
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<operation name="add">
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<messageReceiver
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class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" />
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</operation>
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</service>
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如果要发布多个webservice,可以在文件两段加上
<serviceGroup><service></service>...<service></service></serviceGroup>发布
以上就是我所知道的webservice开发方法,我在这里就起个抛砖引玉的作用,如果大家还知道其他更好的方法,请给我留言或发邮件zhangjin_2006@126.com,谢谢!!!下一次我想和大家交流交流juddi的使用!