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用nagios来监控网络服务器和网络服务

nagios可以对服务器进行全面的监控,包括服务(apache、mysql、ntp、 dns、disk、qmail和sshd等等)的状态,服务器的状态(up、down等等)。它是一个完全GPL协议的开源软件包,包含有nagios主 程序和它的各个插件,配置非常灵活,可以监视的项目很多,可以自定义shell脚本进行监控服务,非常适合大型网络。
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nagios的包含主动监控和被动监控。a8c9M%pN"M%Or
主动检查是通过监控中心的主机发出请求,让运行在远程主机上的nrpe守护进程收集信息,然后报告它,它通过web接口把数据显示在页面上。
它的工作原理如下:$Mn3RXv{BP

被动监控是当远程被监控主机处于防火墙之内的时候,只有远程主机可以访问到监控中心,防火墙之内可以设置另外一个监控中心,远程监控中心的nagios收 集服务器信息以后,和nsca报告,由naca客户端报告naca的服务器端,然后报告监控中心的nagios,通过web接口显示监控结果。

Y if;K ~"^h
nagios的功能非常强大,[url]http://www.nagios.org/[/url]是它的窝,只有e文、法文和日文,没有中文,可惜啊。/|'n�[R l^ _

我现在引用它的一段文字进行总结一下到底什么是nagios:
What Is This?TN ~bWj:p.H7[A3l
什么是nagios?
Nagios® is a system and network monitoring application. It watches hosts and services that you specify, alerting you when things go bad and when they get better. a4tQ1i |?#x+R
Nagios was originally designed to run under Linux, although it should work under most other unices as well.
s&o9J nN7Z a!Q Some of the many features of Nagios® include: w B'Mb~V |.q-C
Monitoring of network services (SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, PING, etc.) u]?jUI~
Monitoring of host resources (processor load, disk usage, etc.) (} W f9sH`H/`
Simple plugin design that allows users to easily develop their own service checks ?D6N ")Ma'P
Parallelized service checks "J4fi%o7ne4^
Ability to define network host hierarchy using "parent" hosts, allowing detection of and distinction between hosts that are down and those that are unreachable /h~�f4kU
Contact notifications when service or host problems occur and get resolved (via email, pager, or user-defined method) 0Xn(] i'sf
Ability to define event handlers to be run during service or host events for proactive problem resolution T6T*o1Oz8leB)L@
Automatic log file rotation
Support for implementing redundant monitoring hosts
Optional web interface for viewing current network status, notification and problem history, log file, etc.
Nagios是一个监视系统和网络的应用程序。它监视你所指定主机和服务,当监视的内容变好或者变坏时发出警告。Nagios最初是被设计在Linux平台上运行的,然而现在在其他平台上也运行良好。|U? Gh!I
Nagios的特性包括:x8yx2| E ^d1b
监视网络服务(SMTP, POP3, HTTP, NNTP, PING, 等等)$r7W$Q Vwd9@2^$m3H
监视主机资源(处理器负载、磁盘空间等)2azB0w.@U9g#{4N'h
容许用户开发自己的插件去检查自定义的项目;
通过使用“父主机”,定义网络主机的分层,容许探测主机down掉或者不可到达。
可以定义在主机或服务运行期间,事件发生以后如何处理和解决方式;8M{8u$Q*Y"" rbZ
自动记录错误日志;
支持冗余监视;VE'qPO5l X;C
可选web接口,通过web页面查看当前网络状态,提示和报告故障历史,日志文件等;Yn7rz Q rt {("

Nagios的系统要求:'i1f1o k1O(t2}+]
Linux、Unix等
z i{G5PPQ r ` apache
Ucg:T-d!g:lEM z GD库(1.63以上)A"wdU4N D
zlib
c{ ~"Z0Za'R!CG pnglib
jpeglib4G n q5p[]
basic iconsHj.q"pBl)O|c'h)~
等,其中apache的安装在blog中已经有相关的文章,搜索一下就行;gd、zlib、pnglib和jpeglib安装比较简单,步骤: B*j'w+Pp"'a
下载tarball0x d VBC�N i s*x
tar zxvf xxx.tar.gz7T(ajm+}a{EM
cd xxx
NP0" [l} ./configureR @cSBV6T#G$G
make && make install

----------------------------------------------------------------------4c(n8I9j{&r
Nagios的安装过程(FreeBSD)9s#h9G5V2Pr0yU
----------------------------------------------------------------------
nagios的安装比较简单,复杂的是设置和配置参数的设定。不过你要放松一点,毕竟我们要搞定它,不是吗?那就开始吧: r!k:Ku;w${~(s(Y�N
5R:e$C9M*y,k5l g;i
1:获得最新的安装包,[url]http://www.nagios.org/download[/url]M4v @3n,Q Q2E@H(k)a
2:以root身份登录服务器,目前最新的版本是2.5: ZVAd:s.LX
1)nagios,版本2.5:
fetch [url]http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...gios-2.5.tar.gz[/url]
or,O2_Y%@aAQ-?
wget [url]http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...gios-2.5.tar.gz[/url]Q N-foU

2)获得nagios插件,版本1.4.3:6j#Q3k3i ^,[8r5_1y
[url]http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourcefo...ns-1.4.3.tar.gz[/url]
jRs:aOM t :fzc(`T0o-u&vA
3)获得图库文件:b,E?m#V8_
[url]http://dl.sf.net/nagios/imagepak-base.tar.gz[/url]S:nmoK,Rm8m
r�Pswsn4Ix
4)NRPE,版本2.5.2 Kh)" K/~/s;TtW!Um:ZS
[url]http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...pe-2.5.2.tar.gz[/url]5s7c E$g&c(LPq&R

Ge KV3o2G q&A5| 5)NSCA,版本2.6+P3~3^2I9BF!dh
[url]http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...nsca-2.6.tar.gz[/url]

3:切换到root用户: C~'K4c H(Y6Y
sudo su)i SE,lzj(h_
"KZ1X+_A{'?nL
4:解压缩
tar zxvf nagios-2.5.tar.gz6h ^'dK%FF*f;~

5:建立运行nagios的用户:Yin*Z|
adduser nagios
[ Iy fY6t7fJ6{`
6r'[�Z4^ ~#J 6:建立安装nagios的文件夹,并使这个文件夹的所有者为nagios:nagios@rbB1h"Pe
mkdir /usr/local/nagios
chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios
D(_p E at9F8U*f$s
7:确认web服务器的用户 b+lJ;Q-N `2X pb'w
可能会通过web接口执行一些命令,必须确定web服务器以哪个用户运行的,通常为:apache:(^!["qNu xVO
grep "^User" /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

8:建立命令文件组
这个新的组会包括apache的用户和nagios的用户K%y#ZDuGw([ L
pw groupadd nagcmd
pw usermod apache -G nagcmd
pw usermod nagios -G nagcmd uYYU#t,Z
----------------------------------.@9X1b5~{y&~ k
cat /etc/groupv/xx3sVh
nagcmd:*:9007:apache,nagios
----------------------------------
m!ID k%C3F(m 'Q(kJm3T1~w
8:运行配置脚本并安装nagios
cd nagios-2.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-gd-lib=/usr/local/lib --with-gd-inc=/usr/local/includeW ?9z9W ^(uk
---------------------------------6Iz^X9A8_)H-s.^
*** Configuration summary for nagios 2.5 07-13-2006 ***: "-B q5] Z&K(M+E P`
sU�aF1AW$P
General Options:(uF1]R!UX]
-------------------------1wr'HUC)h'qb8Y
Nagios executable: nagios
Nagios user/group: nagios,nagios
Command user/group: nagios,nagiosJM4Gk[
Embedded Perl: no Q,f[6CiH"fdh
Event Broker: yes
Install ${prefix}: /usr/local/nagios
Lock file: ${prefix}/var/nagios.lock ^,e D*lT$R
Init directory: /usr/local/etc/rc.d
Host OS: freebsd6.0

Web Interface Options:8l4sI&T1? ")J
------------------------u U8?+@9i? _#P9t
HTML URL: [url]http://localhost/nagios/[/url]
CGI URL: [url]http://localhost/nagios/cgi-bin/[/url]"Qf/b9^3`
Traceroute (used by WAP): /usr/sbin/traceroute2j0H ~ g,| ]'F cM

| A9Tx)Z.d7[
Review the options above for accuracy. If they look okay,
#kbW'e0b P7O3b h type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs.
---------------------------------
'x U0o4G3H [2_w1V:x(r make all
make install
make install-init "fsyX/c
make install-commandmode
make install-config
{ Mnf&JNL�t)p*K u-R4r
9:安装nagios-pluginsW"wopIu5L
tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.3.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.3
s]b U5xU ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios-plugins
make all tp&X5_'HS8{
make install
3i3TT" y 安装完成以后在/usr/local/nagios-plugins-plugins会产生一个libexec的目录,将该目录全部移动到/usr/local/nagios目录下即可。*tTj9s FVj8M
mv /usr/local/nagios-plugins-plugins/libexec/ /usr/local/nagios/

10:imagepak-base.tar.gz的安装
tar –xvzf imagepak-base.tar.gz
解压以后是base目录
mv base/ /usr/local/nagios/share/images/logos/
4?t";Rj I _~Q
----------------------------------------------------------------------es/}9j^ GP
现在开始配置:4j)s'R9L;BJ ? ?
----------------------------------------------------------------------U5C2LPS yGl
1:配置web接口
假设你已经运行了apache,如果没有,请参考:
[url]http://localhost/upload/blog.php?do-showone-tid-18.html[/url]u)`5o7H X]*]k
@LsT gw@
vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
添加如下内容:
ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin /usr/local/nagios/sbin
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<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"> y d2e"/S+lf"?8z
Options ExecCGI }ciX?:Uaw
AllowOverride NoneRr T u�[ E[3OT
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
AuthName "Nagios Access"
AuthType Basic h3I�T/y Vq B)|
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users1p h#u+dD%lY
Require valid-usera5s ^&y }%v
</Directory>
c,m+qi0l1@ ` @ 3F:pIPm%N:W0A
Alias /nagios /usr/local/nagios/share
2S |&tuPy%h
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/share">4P*CV(q~7j
Options Noneb,yw,@^.X
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Bmv r"gx AuthName "Nagios Access"
AuthType Basicd^ ? f E1t
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users0Dk;_h(D&X n
Require valid-userN;V[*y.w
</Directory>
修改完毕,保存文件,并重启apache:2}"jGtU;"�L!g
/usr/local/apahce2/bin/apachectl restart/?"`8i W)H@ L(r${

2:配置apache的BASIC认证:S6C C$H9h
生成认证密码:
/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd –c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagios nagios
H@ Rv9~c6]�` Fx apache接口配置完成。+O XAI&e,LhP
uf0n1tzcc(YNSJ
开始配置nagios:
cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/[ T-z2b$S:yr,K"
在/usr/local/nagios/etc下是nagios的配置模板文件-sample,把.cfg-sample文件全部拷贝成.cfg
例如:cp nagios.cfg-sample nagios.cfg )y r,bX6U_
全部拷贝完成即可.

#^ r7oLAM/oq vi minimal.cfg@;]*o/"bo6P
注释所有command:
注释的方法是在每一个定义语句前面添加”#“
修改cgi.cfg
修改use_authentication=1为use_authentication=0,即不用验证.不然有一些页面不会显示。

现在检查配置文件是否有语法错误:
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
如果正确,会显示以下结果:
Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 01ZX.bx Z3c_J{:t
否则,需要根据提示进行修改配置文件。

配置文件等会再弄。现在启动nagios1V1J"T:}-?4i{7Mv
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
;z(f C+Ypr
为了使nagios异常中断,我们使用daemontools启动:
I@4M^3cV J K 安装daemontool: T(^a*`o(u�])X*s
mkdir -p /package!D!^.fGwQ1M
chmod 1755 /package
cd /packageR&w1z3p SYN.Y
fetch [url]http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.76.tar.gz[/url] Z}lAr4A"I
cd admin/daemontools-0.76/
package/install
检查svscan进程是否启动:
ps aux | grep svscan
root 376 0.0 0.0 1636 0 con- IW - 0:00.00 /bin/sh /command/svscanboot
)X ]t C(iA1"$M*S| root 411 0.0 0.0 1224 208 con- S 8Jul06 0:42.50 svscan /service elGKy9P~

ok,启动正常了。
cd /servicet5]0Ul#X
mkdir nagios
k6Z J o1P^ chmod 1755 nagios
touch ./run.b"_d(qk,C#E
chmod 755 ./run
vi run
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
[8s3V6i Nee T7?p fj export PATH
oR*ZS K"@?'B
exec env - PATH=$PATH "
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

mkdir logt'Y4jBZ(P1@:[_
cd logRw1i0O$^__X,F+]3F
touch ./run
^ mtCAF"YQ8"%I b:D chmod 755 ./run
vi ./runH7eCGP'cC
#!/bin/sh2R$j a"X0q+ge }v L
exec setuidgid logadmin multilog t s1000000 n100 ./mainvO U:RF
ZcAT^v%A V9_
mkdir main&hJKo V%Y
chmod 777 main+|Q$gb s v;S|
chown nagios.nagios mainx%})EzL!Zu ?j
touch statusA@ s)I Hym
chown nagios.nagios status

svc -u /service/nagios/
svstat /service/nagios/[Hc0Z"
root@## ps auxww | grep nagiosAB,R A4"'pl5e
root 23276 0.0 0.1 1176 488 ?? I 5:00PM 0:01.71 supervise nagios#p?:_p1KK*h
nagios 34251 0.0 0.3 2316 1552 ?? S 6:06PM 0:00.10 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg!?;r-UGau2sm+I
root@##
K.t!k{ra8m;X
ok,现在把nagios服务做成自动启动的服务了。7@O5"!bA F
通过svc命令可以启动或者停止服务。
:] _^#m rS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------"/|7Ra Ua "_4W
svc opts services-[s^Q-uF8WG
opts is a series of getopt-style options. services consists of any number of arguments, each argument naming a directory used by supervise.
7f"N?B�WP3@C
-u: Up. If the service is not running, start it. If the service stops, restart it. p2D8t T%C6w
-d: Down. If the service is running, send it a TERM signal and then a CONT signal. After it stops, do not restart it. @ eU O w9R._9c,Y
-o: Once. If the service is not running, start it. Do not restart it if it stops.
-p: Pause. Send the service a STOP signal. Gf%a W8~&R._
-c: Continue. Send the service a CONT signal.
-h: Hangup. Send the service a HUP signal.
3?B"k;I jJ{4P)o8e -a: Alarm. Send the service an ALRM signal. `@7r1}2`
-i: Interrupt. Send the service an INT signal.
-t: Terminate. Send the service a TERM signal.
Q5Z*hz uWB0}yGX2w -k: Kill. Send the service a KILL signal.
-x: Exit. supervise will exit as soon as the service is down. If you use this option on a stable system, you're doing something wrong; supervise is designed to run forever. L {9L/t;_}][1oL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------S@?o0{c
比如:2}")J ao,NQ
停止nagios--svc -d /service/nagios/
重启nagios--svc -t /service/nagios/q*W'Y@3bw#s4d
启动nagios--svc -u /service/nagios/.} tdK5i.ZI�l
2S4z+R p)H
当然,你也可以使用inited的方式进行:XMJ/M$tC
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/nagios start/stop

好了,反正daemontools很强大,以后慢慢熟悉,转入正题。
现在打开网页:[url]http://localhost/nagios/[/url] oT ] j#{"%NN$v}
一定会让你大吃一惊,呵呵,我的服务器和服务状态都清楚的看到了。
现在我们的nagios中只有一个,那就是它自己,localhost,呵呵,等会我们添加别的主机和主机服务,ok,我们认识一下nagios的庐山真面目:
l)VtRC }2s
配置nagios:

1)为主机添加服务
2)添加主机并添加服务
3)停止一个服务4uA&U8S0Bz0? Jb
4)删除一台主机和服务/fpV8fa`;x2o
5)查看所有主机的故障 ~!kWm~U*M~
6)查看一台特定的主机状态mW_&M�e�D�u
7)改变报警的时间间隔
8)改变发现故障的重试次数9}0^8? W�k:V1PU H
9)如何在nagios中使用外部命令
%aNg�Gq"V#T+W
mP6^*X1l)n
1)为主机添加一个服务$|7~'`vJ `C
为localhost主机添加qmail服务的监控,方法如下:L1M oYTE
vi minimal.cfg
6` [&F#M xN define service{
j T1r E-^" use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name localhostV&`R k U,VIT
service_description qmail_smtp2n t3N J&MTg
is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
ynU[;Xa_%Tl/{:| max_check_attempts 1&^A`Y@h,q
normal_check_interval 1cu ~:Yl!jo
retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
l-d6?~ h@2X B notification_period 24x7
check_command check_smtp!20%!10%!/
}2]tk [0@N$f%Ji(a

可以直接拷贝原有的进行修改,我这个就是拷贝的原有的check_local_disk进行的。;n||2U8^1g4yB
修改host_name,service_description,check_command等kx[5~6N p,n$W

define service{&Vp^/k6M(gH
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use A5?cx5|&q${
host_name localhost
service_description qmail_pop3
D,Y T�G Qo is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7l""1l~U k,N'I
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1_-v9j y7V
retry_check_interval 1?d;H0NB&lz
contact_groups adminsL9j�}~tM2G
notification_options w,u,c,r F;Mf?N3K)?(X#q`vD
notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_pop!20%!10%!/
}1q s;d-J)M#v EQe
照猫画虎的进行修改,然后去修改:6b$mBk,Q OD
vi checkcommands.cfg
e2X�Eqi ` _,v`gSH1I #'check_qmail' command definition&j"}R2x*"@Xb
define command{
command_name check_qmail
"h#L6X j5P)} v-oN2L command_line $USER1$/check_smtp -H 127.0.0.1
}3tF!CiT
define command{
command_name check_pop3
command_line $USER1$/check_pop -H 127.0.0.1
}
保存,然后检查配置文件:*O�o0so&H0o1R Kx L""L
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
如果没有错误会显示:
8g xx[B Q|;i Total Warnings: 0
Total Errors: 0
如果有错误,请根据提示进行错误的修正。
V)R wk x[!c;b3K 重启nagiosf @+Y ZQ"pu
svc -d /service/nagios/ && svc -u /service/nagios/ e4@j9]|`v#VG
通过web页面检查nagios的结果:N/},R:Q8tK9J.V(U1~
[url]http://10.5.1.153/nagios/[/url]&W Z k!Q#N9OP i,D
点击“Service Detail”
会出现:w?$Jd zT`5W2p
"c0?%F5h Gb/C c]
2)添加主机并添加服务
y"yN"LO 我们会监控这台主机的负载、磁盘等一些没有通过端口方式启动的服务器状态,以及它的服务,比如:apache、mysql、qmail和ntp等等吧。那 么没有端口的nagios直接能监控到吗?答案是不行。所以我们必须在两台主机上安装nrpe,nrpe可以启动5666端口,把检测的信息源源不断的传 给监控中心的主机。$^U."7Y7y
ok,我们把apache、mysql、qmail和ntp先加上,这回我们把监控的主机和服务新建一个文件:
FU�L)y4B H.O m j cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/*})gn5rt~~"
touch 10_5_1_156.cfg/m!x!P"@]p8c}*K
vi nagios.cfgO&Cq1F[k
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/10_5_1_156.cfgc*ceqa-g

5"!h&H Wi}~b$k vi 10_5_1_156.cfg
定义一个主机:
define host{1dy*Sq`A)D
use generic-host ; Name of host template to useo w@w7t;a�c"
host_name test_nrpe
alias client
address 10.5.1.156
check_command check-host-alive8A+KgA[7g
max_check_attempts 1
2ogcaY bij+C check_period 24x7
notification_interval 120;M8}!f'YB_
notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,rZ B+OD,vy
contact_groups admins#{:G y#E1dy:a'U
}9o E2|o"~-Wt(qB @)Q~

!hVI-uVN8mA }(yf 定义主机需要检查的服务:9a YU9Y;H}G
define service{W;LJm4B~5@y
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use#H)[0We!m q+^%J(y,L'x
host_name test_nrpe0F8Ic*F!V
service_description PING#W" bG*b2AG5z
is_volatile 0E%H9"(I5Q h
check_period 24x7;p*};I"Y M
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1 mY,j Y5}`c
retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins#t#m(]�i"` RYc)`�D
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960s vt:zJA
notification_period 24x7;o'FHD4JP |.?7v [
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
1nK5IV&X
define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use'Fp'K_ h};U2f
host_name test_nrpe fX`"i_M
service_description apache
is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1iO y8tR3^:L&N7vn
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7]5bb#Y�sd G6d$H
check_command check_http!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}q.y'rp�ZK3L*R

l*F!uR a)vS"{ V define service{9Rw8|&I�hN~
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
service_description mysql
~ | R Ke;]^S%P is_volatile 0$p ux:Q E8?5E}&^
check_period 24x76_pU5i&P I1E?
max_check_attempts 1?4}x3g;VOOw6s
normal_check_interval 17Qy0m1hZD$^5C
retry_check_interval 1
$@ D M2Z ?R"kl'l']-g1U7a contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
D;x*f oii{h}x2H notification_interval 960 V~&D T1},JT a
notification_period 24x7 {dLd^%jCL M
check_command check_mysql!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
c7u1?^Hy{ t }
}?X3hFY7Ty
define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use5i s};Ia)g Ya
host_name test_nrpev6W+BW dBt P4E
service_description ntp ;JZ%F3M'g"n#m5R"x*E
is_volatile 0
dMW;NL%j;uh check_period 24x7xk |e2V5Ag}(m
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 14|@+gf]:X9C7]C5[i
retry_check_interval 1"?l3r a4O1^7V"Ps�D
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_ntp!100.0,20%!500.0,60% Jq T|0J
}

define service{
oY$A C!T hc T use generic-service ; Name of service template to use.Uk+Na-N.w x
host_name test_nrpe
service_description qmail_smtp t.Uj.^k e2V-Rq
is_volatile 0!X7P/R+l3T8M$F*M
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1`n p$C t.Y
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 9607k(K9U1~9@D-Tw
notification_period 24x7e5]${]9L
check_command check_smtp!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
n C0bs1I }h)UD ~yu"Chm;H@
(HRz.` {;Z R
define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
service_description qmail_pop3
^c "%zjzt2XW6a(HE is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 16fl:_xS
retry_check_interval 1
r1hw w(_7H7X contact_groups admins
bd @9[ ^.uD'I%p notification_options w,u,c,r.MjyE~/f[p
notification_interval 960s]$p,J:h
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_pop!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
*z-H*u4zh UF4oT }:UYiJ:y A{
现在我们象上次一样把服务也定义完了:
T;MI FUZ 此时是不是多了一个主机和它下面的服务呢?那是肯定的,添加主机和服务可能出现的问题有如下情况: z$D!@Yty,Q2_
1:配置参数出现问题,如果你没有检查配置就启动nagios,可能会启动成功,但是显示会不正常; }`Ug j�R
解决方法:调整配置参数kzXL^/_,j |9Yq
2:Connection refused
当出现这个问题的时候,我开始以为是ssh的无密码登录没有成功,但是其实我的服务器没有启动该服务造成的,启动服务即可。y;KB�Vd }
Y"h"y*E|-J(A`
但是这些是有端口的服务,没有使用端口的状态任何检测?6s.f W.p2t
使用nrpe,ok,我们现在在服务器上安装nrpe:
Kx5O ud_9W 一、远程主机的配置
r#jr&^ `p 1、安装nrpe与配置
fetch [url]http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...pe-2.5.2.tar.gz[/url](M3bymhyl!u+p,X
tar zxvf nrpe-2.5.2.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.5.2]8u5Q6j}N
./configure --enable-ssl --enable-command-args Hm2u8H`!i|
make all
mkdir -p /usr/local/nagios/etcFTR{:}C)]'n
mkdir /usr/local/nagios/bin
mkdir /usr/local/nagios/libexec
.gF+UI "/j$Tv:Y] pw addgroup nagios
pw useradd nagios -g nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/ -s /sbin/nologin 5q"cm"w N lE{
chown -R nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios
cp ./sample-config/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc
cp src/nrpe /usr/local/nagios/bin
2、启动nrpe,端口为5666 k.[1Rm x*L-?
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -du$z;c S%g2A&~
netstat -ant | grep 5666U,a'w+Ec B"C�u'g&L
tcp4 0 0 *.5666 *.* LISTEN$O6k xx5w

二、监控服务器上的配置
1、安装nrpe(主要是使用check_nrpe模块)
u Sk`:ST A0k fetch [url]http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge...pe-2.5.2.tar.gz[/url]*J1~7ai.X.Q
tar zxvf nrpe-2.5.2.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.5.28{M5S;r$J(Mp
./configure --enable-ssl --enable-command-args
make all
cp src/check_nrpe /usr/local/nagios/libexec
2、nagios文件的配置
vi checkcommands.cfg #L6?/];R+g-@
定义check_nrpe命令,tc$@sK'fP-visL
# 'check_nrep' command definition
define command{
y/J-d+y-F O.s command_name check_nrpe#Yj-a?eN.X Z
command_line /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ %{wQ q0[!iV p
}x Qs(Z;L
三、上面我们已经配置了一部分参数,下面是配置的最终结果:y]5~9d+gk-[
define host{/R+Q+b)[} Z/SFv6x
use generic-host ; Name of host template to usew0v"H)a4s-a"b:"*e
host_name test_nrpe
alias client
address 10.5.1.156(Q P+~5Ah5d](q'I
check_command check-host-alive
max_check_attempts 1MD}m _QQjs
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 120 }W m.i}/_1O&rx(jk
notification_period 24x7
notification_options d,rX!J8bb UV~
contact_groups admins
}S Y;hT7p;e&"p
*h�V[Phb'O
# 'check_load' command definition@Y4bC` |2w e0^
define command{[.L'~pun2U
command_name check_load
command_line $USER1$/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ 0S#F.XqxM?
}
]u.Jn1K:rI6Wk0o8Ns[ C
# 'check_load' command definition
define command{
command_name check_disk
@ T's�rOz%Zz)DXu command_line $USER1$/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ '_RGw2x ~eG;L
}5y"VT p6e!~({&a
define service{K)n!mP)w-R'S+l
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
] F.lVo1nB U host_name test_nrpe
service_description PING
is_volatile 0 l6@;Z/@]
check_period 24x7
,z&r.`2N$Z8xe _%e max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
;v'laGn H.?d.~q&Fj contact_groups admins
8O-W*O VN v notification_options w,u,c,r
)tDg(U0x^ _7f.Ud7?fM notification_interval 960M:efmR&hT
notification_period 24x7u!v7[(p�gu'K4?*T
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%cT5d6wiBU6q
}
bOW+Y C KM&I-k*t
define service{ GWa,fu6K�KVsy
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpef {L,A4hX_
service_description apache
is_volatile 0 M.v|VJqv
check_period 24x7rl(x:?:BM
max_check_attempts 1!c[ z | Uto
normal_check_interval 12J8b7g7FQ6C2qac
retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r Z"H WZ$Af*]Q
notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7p:S0C;f{i
check_command check_http!100.0,20%!500.0,60%4c(u0X4ce^^c ^$z
}j?5x5ZDJ'N^[z
#_bFR8EuoL
define service{ z|X V`Tf
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use6p3{;~dD
host_name test_nrpe
service_description mysql8DMr+|s f5A
is_volatile 0;y)yti!j
check_period 24x7#P:xh.A}Pb
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 11}`1odj/YAhy
retry_check_interval 1
contact_groups admins.gMe,C_x
notification_options w,u,c,r O9J3tO,F
notification_interval 960nH[P9ym
notification_period 24x7,M*}7m`+[8k_
check_command check_mysql!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
0}&idg ` gw { {4P"V7n } ~KK:S G

define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to user"{JB7IAH3Ebu
host_name test_nrpe-vO0R%G!fH%]
service_description ntp K9sU4a%vUv x'"
is_volatile 0 g._9X)"E(CJ&l*pFco
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1$b'z8g'iH M"t%vC0?A5O
normal_check_interval 19wwpZ a%M(AVJ
retry_check_interval 1
@P5q.YPN N@ contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 9608H-D"D5]h2Mw3{@
notification_period 24x7kIhh2bX]Z%y
check_command check_ntp!100.0,20%!500.0,60%WfE[ h
}
j gSgbO Z N '`Q ` g[cW0N
define service{
0p N8n.j�? @H_W0WL t use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe
service_description qmail_smtp
is_volatile 0
check_period 24x7 X;Tt;p G jC _+I
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1P'KT7f*ooo
retry_check_interval 1o5CuAL9^
contact_groups adminsTW,r8x d0?}
notification_options w,u,c,r`K'|#zp#r3x X-b
notification_interval 960/~0]q%"w?kq;}nA
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_smtp!100.0,20%!500.0,60% "Uz5kzJo"Z-D"L"Y
}

define service{
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
`gZ;l`kB host_name test_nrpeF}}2nO
service_description qmail_pop3
is_volatile 0x'Da(Ky%f Y
check_period 24x7p2Z }L(L,K${4} D~x
max_check_attempts 1Pl5U"Q$Xo
normal_check_interval 1 a:SF^6v-hsIG
retry_check_interval 12yC#];@j�s
contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 960
t2z_F2Xu " notification_period 24x7
check_command check_pop!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}

4z6NV8x!k g ?'a l*J define service{2S)]�} H9^o"
use generic-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name test_nrpe t9_N)C| Q]
service_description test_load
is_volatile 0} ^(}l0v2U;R:g)EM
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
W_�y)s"@+HY ru+U�T z contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
notification_interval 9602D9I;q.C YIk
notification_period 24x7
check_command check_load!100.0,20%!500.0,60%gR Rh.tz'Qy!B
}
r,l#Aw2@Q
define service{
@3A['xE!I use generic-service ; Name of service template to use""e?'K XA0`J)`
host_name test_nrpe0zi ~dI(K&ZpV1D
service_description test_disk OU;p+l:fU-G@rW
is_volatile 0:WQABNKY
check_period 24x7
max_check_attempts 1^"X F.}lU.I
normal_check_interval 1
retry_check_interval 1
A7r vL D contact_groups admins
notification_options w,u,c,r
&nX,] ur notification_interval 960
notification_period 24x7#iHn!u%t6y
check_command check_disk!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}
`l n9`&bVZ
四、检查配置参数并重启nagios

$V0I*r#O_:D/fu3n:_
9)如何在nagios中使用外部命令uSl+m/Ob"Fye u
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfgg'O-{e�v*SY
check_external_commands=1GX4vv;gKBU

mkdir /usr/local/nagios/var/rw vM@ O,K|
chown nagios.nagcmd /usr/local/nagios/var/rw
chmod u+rw /usr/local/nagios/var/rw b X.p"-{
chmod g+rw /usr/local/nagios/var/rwvz_0s n+rLd
chmod g+s /usr/local/nagios/var/rw

svc -t /service/nagios/
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
posted on 2009-05-06 15:36 Blog of JoJo 阅读(8743) 评论(1)  编辑  收藏 所属分类: Linux 技术相关

FeedBack:
# re: 用nagios来监控网络服务器和网络服务
2012-06-30 09:47 | kof
nagios的被动监控NSCA:http://www.cszhi.com/?p=212  回复  更多评论
  

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